首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Language Context and English Teaching I. The meanings of language context 1. Generally speaking: it can be divided into situati
Language Context and English Teaching I. The meanings of language context 1. Generally speaking: it can be divided into situati
admin
2017-03-20
31
问题
Language Context and English Teaching
I. The meanings of language context
1. Generally speaking: it can be divided into situational context and
sociocultural context.
—Rivers: the items of language need a system and a setting to show
【T1】______, e. g. the meaning of "cricket"【T1】______
2. In a narrow sense: situational context
—Halliday: It includes the setting, the way of talking,【T2】______.【T2】______
—Hymes: It can be divided into【T3】______【T3】______
3. The relationship between situational context and sociocultural context:
【T4】______【T4】______
II. Language context & communicative competence
1. " Competence ": a central issue in abstract syntactic theory and
【T5】______【T5】______
—Hymes: Communicative competence includes language competence,
sociolinguistic competence, strategic competence, and context
competence.
1)sociolinguistic competence
—Wallwork: It is【T6】______in language studying.【T6】______
e. g. learn the meaning by observing【T7】______and listening to the【T7】______
noises
2)context competence & strategic competence
—In a normal language context: Communicate in【T8】______instead of【T8】______
a single phrase or sentence
—In different language contexts: Strategic competence is also used in
a conversation, including avoidance, tolerance,【T9】______and【T9】______
accommodation, etc.
III. How to set the language context
1. Use all kinds of【T10】______【T10】______
—make use of flash cards and wall pictures
—learn to collect and make visual aids
—use【T11】______to create situations【T11】______
2. Design all kinds of activities
The teacher in a communicative classroom acts as a【T12】______.【T12】______
—choose suitable【T13】______worth discussing in class【T13】______
—keep in mind the participation of the students
3. Use【T14】______features【T14】______
—more convenient and vivid
—Teachers should use it flexibly and appropriately in class.
—In English teaching, paralinguistic features and teaching aids are
【T15】______【T15】______
【T8】
Language Context and English Teaching
Good morning, everyone, today my topic is language context and English teaching. After explaining the meanings of language context, I will talk about language context and the communicative competence, and then I’ll tell you how to set the language context in the English teaching.
First, I’ll briefly introduce the meanings of language context. Generally speaking, the language context can be divided into two major types: situational context and sociocultural context.
(1)Rivers suggests that items of language in total isolation have no function: they need a system and a setting to give them both function and meaning. Children often ask for the meaning of a word in isolation, without seeing the need to provide anything for it: too quick and too casual a reply can often have unexpected consequences. For example, when the child asks what cricket is and you say it is a game, and then discover that it was a "cricket" in the context of insects. Even if we know the strict linguistics, we still need to check further into the situation and even into the society and culture to be sure of what item of the language is appropriate or acceptable.
In a narrow sense, the language context means the situational context.(2)In Halliday’s opinion, the situational contexts include the setting, the way of talking, and participants.(3)But Hymes divides it into eight elements: setting, role, function, notion, style, stress and intonation, grammar, vocabulary and language aids. Those factors affect each other and decide which language form is appropriate.
(4)The situational context and sociocultural context can’t be isolated from each other. In certain sociocultural context, people must obey the particular communicative rules when they use a certain language. And in a certain situational context, people should not only pay attention to the social communication rules but also adjust themselves according to the factors of the situational context. Second, I’ll talk about the language context and the communicative competence.
(5)"Competence" is a central issue in linguistics, whether in terms of abstract syntactic theory(as with Noam Chomsky)or in terms of social interaction(as with Dell Hymes). And Hymes thinks the communicative competence should include four types: language competence, sociolinguistic competence, strategic competence, and context competence. If we consider the language competence is the core of the language teaching, then the other three abilities must also be taken into consideration.
(6)Wallwork suggests that " sociolinguistic competence is necessary to language study and to attempt to study language without society is like studying anatomy without a body. " For example, go to a country where you understand not a word of the language around you.(7)But by observing the social context and listening to the noises, you learn the meaning. So one can’t be said to know fully the meaning of any language without knowing the social context in which it may or does occur.
The context competence and strategic competence can be realized in certain language context and have their effects on communication.(8)In a normal language context, we often communicate in discourse, not in a single phrase or sentence. A learner who can communicate with the correct language forms has a strong context competence and knows how to use the signals to convey the information and conform it to the meaning. And according to these signals, they can understand each other better.(9)In different language contexts, we can also make use of the strategic competence to start, end, maintain or extend a conversation. And the communication strategies we often use are avoidance, tolerance, suspense and accommodation, etc.
Third, I’d like to say something about how to set the language context.
(10)1. Use all kinds of teaching aids.
In the classroom, students should be provided with a chance to experience the language in meaningful ways and try out their skills, so we should not only be acquainted with the use of flash cards and wall pictures, but also we need to learn to collect and make visual aids, such as pictures from magazines, used objects like can and boxes. So with a piece of chalk, objects, people, animals, settings are created on the blackboard and the students’ interest and attention are aroused.(11)Another technique is to use lantern slides, not to tell a story but to create situations when the students are asked to act out their dialogue or play their roles.
2. Design all kinds of activities.
(12)The role of the teacher in a communicative classroom is not an informer or a supervisor but a manager or helper. The teachers should try to design all kinds of activities to help the students perform or interact among themselves as much as possible. But designing a course which prepares students to interact in specific roles in real-life situations requires that the course designer first discovers that what part is played in these activities by the language of different kinds.(13)He must find out what topics come up often enough to be worth discussing in class, and we must also bear in mind the kind of people the pupil will eventually have to deal with.
(14)3. Use paralinguistic features.
Sometimes when we set the language context, using paralinguistic features such as gestures, facial expressions and some actions will be more convenient and vivid than using teaching aids such as pictures or slides. No matter when teachers present, demonstrate, drill, practice the teaching material, we should pay attention to using paralinguistic features flexibly and appropriately. And(15)paralinguistic features are complementary to the teaching aids in the English teaching.
OK. Today, we’ve taken a brief look at language context and English teaching. I hope you’ve got some useful information. Next time, I will set some language learning context, and we will practice some real context language. That’s all for today. Thanks for your attention!
选项
答案
discourse
解析
本题考查重要细节。根据句(8)可知,在正常的语境下,我们通常是通过谈话来交流的,而不是通过单个的短语或句子,因此填入discourse。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/tfeMFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheEnglishCivilWarinthe17thcenturyisalsocalled______
Veryfewpeoplecanbehappyunlessonthewholetheirwayoflifeandtheiroutlookontheworldareapprovedbythosewithwho
Mandarin,orputonghua,isthestandardservicesectorlanguageinourcountry.Butrecently,employeesatabigcity’ssubwa
AlotofexpertsaresuggestingthatChinesehistoryshouldbeincludedincollegeeducation,andsomeevenproposethatitshou
Talkischeapwhenitcomestosolvingtheproblemoftoo-big-to-failbanks.Fromtheluxuryofeventoday’sstutteringeconomic
AccordingtotheUnitedNations,lessSomalislefttheircountrybecause______.
AccordingtoRichard,whatwastheconceptofhealthbeforethe1940s?
Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween______andmeanings.
我已经到了望九之年,可谓长寿矣。因此经常有人向我询问长寿之道,养生之术。我敬谨答曰:“养生无术是有术。”因此,我首创了三“不”主义:不锻炼,不挑食,不嘀咕,名闻全国。我这个三不主义,容易招误会,我现在利用这个机会解释一下。我并不绝对反对适当的体育
随机试题
下列关于添加辅食原则的说法中,不正确的是()
心肌有效不应期较长的主要作用为
患儿4岁,浮肿3天,体格检查见全身浮肿,精神不振,尿检示尿蛋白(++++),血红细胞计数正常,血沉明显增快,血白蛋白15g/L,血胆固醇6mmol/L,则应诊断为
按新九分法计算烧伤面积,躯干占全身面积的
根据下表给定的逻辑关系绘制的某设备安装工程的双代号网络计划如下图所示,其绘图存在的错误是()。
下列不属于企业置存现金目的的是()
某机关单位,进行机关服务作风调查,由你负责,你的方案是什么,你怎么试点?
2016年,我国全年粮食种植面积11303万顷,比上年减少31万公顷。其中,小麦种植面积2419万公顷,增加5万公顷;稻谷种植面积3016万公顷,减少5万公顷;玉米种植面积3676万公顷,减少136万公顷。棉花种植面积338万公顷,减少42万公顷。油料种植
岩画,是绘制、凿刻在岩崖或石块上的图画,是原始文化的一种载体。中国公元5世纪的北魏地理学家郦道元在《水经注》中,著录了黄河由宁夏入内蒙古途中的岩画,他的描写当属世界上最早对岩画的记录。从全球范围来看,写实主义是岩画的主要风格。在造型上,岩画只是把握基本形态
Whydosomepeoplesaythattheyneverdream?Whatisthefunctionofthesecondparagraph?
最新回复
(
0
)