2. 考研
  3. [A] Physical changes [B] Low self-esteem [C] Emerging independence and search for identity [D] Emotional turbulence [E] Interest

[A] Physical changes [B] Low self-esteem [C] Emerging independence and search for identity [D] Emotional turbulence [E] Interest

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问题 [A] Physical changes
[B] Low self-esteem
[C] Emerging independence and search for identity
[D] Emotional turbulence
[E] Interest in the opposite sex
[F] Peer pressure and conformity
[G] Transition to adulthood
    The transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence — typically between the ages of 9 and 13 — and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:
    【R1】______
    A child’s self-worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent.
    【R2】______
    Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite — loud and angry — in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.
    【R3】______
    Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.
    【R4】______
    There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.
    【R5】______
    Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up — and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.
    Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.
【R2】
选项
答案A
解析 第三段第一句(主题句)提到，学龄儿童中普遍存在着某种形式的对自己身体的不满。接着，该段论述了这种不满的两种极端表现：过分羞涩和异常愤怒。最后两句话补充道，晚熟(即不和同龄人同时经历身体变化)会造成自卑感和呆板。因此该段的关键词是bodily dissatisfaction和bodily changes。对应的是A项physical changes。这一题的干扰在于段落中出现了self-consciousness，inferiority，而它们和B项是同义表达。但是考生应记住一个重要的原则；一定要与主题句、主题词对应。第三段中虽然出现了表示“自卑”含义的词语，但整个段落的主旨内容是说明青少年对自己身体变化的不满，提到“自卑”是论述这些变化引起的后果。
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