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  3. A new report shows that while workers have steadily increased the age at which they expect to retire beyond 65—from 11 percent i

A new report shows that while workers have steadily increased the age at which they expect to retire beyond 65—from 11 percent i

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问题     A new report shows that while workers have steadily increased the age at which they expect to retire beyond 65—from 11 percent in 1991 to 36 percent when the survey was taken—the median retirement age has, in fact, been stuck at 62 since 1991.
    That’s one of the reality checks in the 25 th annual Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonprofit Employee Benefit Research Institute(EBRI). The report, which surveyed both workers and retirees, aged 25 and up: The percentage of workers in retirement plans feeling "very confident" about retiring comfortably doubled from 2013 to 2015, to 28 percent. But just 12 percent of workers without retirement plans are "very confident" about retiring comfortably.
    Those very confident workers with retirement plans aren’t more optimistic without reason. The big jump in confidence shocked EBRI’s director of research, Jack VanDerhei. He looked at the change in account balances in his database of 401(k)plans, which covers 27 million participants. In just the year ending Jan. 1, 2015, gains ranged from a low of 19 percent to a high of 47. 9 percent.
    But whether they’re in a retirement plan or not, many of those surveyed don’t seem to be making big increases to their retirement savings, VanDerhei said. On top of the market gains, workers in 401(k)retirement plans might benefit from having their contributions automatically increased each year. And while 69 percent of workers said they could save $ 25 more a week than they are now, they went on to contradict themselves, as 50 percent also said that the pressure of daily costs means they can’t afford to save additional money.
    One of the most glaring areas in which expectations and reality diverged is in the percentage of income that workers think they’ll need to replace in retirement: 56 percent think they should be able to live on no more than 70 percent of pre-retirement income.
    "I suspect most people are ignoring medical expenses," VanDerhei says. "They magically think Medicare will take care of everything, and very few factor in long-term care expenses. " Once they take the latter into account, he says, that 70 percent estimate blows up, unless they’re lucky enough to have a good long-term care policy. If they’re luckier still and don’t need long-term care, they can probably get away with 100 percent of pre-retirement income. Yet just 10 percent of workers estimated that they’d need more than 95 percent of pre-retirement income in retirement.
    There was some good news in those numbers, too. Thirty-one percent of retirees said they had left the workforce earlier because they could afford it, and 17 percent said a desire to do something else played into retiring earlier than planned. Still, it’s a risky proposition. "If you have a choice, take control of what you can control, and don’t defer the pain until later, when you have zero control over whether you’ll continue to work or not," VanDerhei says.
Why are workers with pension plans more confident about retiring comfortably?
选项 A、Because they have a more positive attitude toward life.
B、Because they are more optimistic than those without such plans.
C、Because their pension plans are profiting at a high profit rate.
D、Because they are expected to get more pension.
答案D
解析 推断题。根据题干定位到第二段和第三段。从第三段的第一句和最后一句可以看出作者侧面认同对“舒适地退休”持乐观态度的工人，并且随后以401(k)计划为例解释退休计划的最低和最高收益率，可以推断出退休计划收益良好，由此可以推断出工人可以得到更多的退休金，因此[D]选项正确。[A]选项说的是“他们的生活态度更加积极”，而原文中没有类似内容，所以[A]选项不符合原文，可排除。[B]选项只是陈述了一个事实，并不是原因，可排除。[C]选项中说“收益率很高”，但是根据原文，收益率有高有低，所以该选项可排除。
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