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  3. The following two excerpts are about school uniform, a uniform that is worn by students primarily for a school or otherwise educ

The following two excerpts are about school uniform, a uniform that is worn by students primarily for a school or otherwise educ

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问题    The following two excerpts are about school uniform, a uniform that is worn by students primarily for a school or otherwise educational institution. From the excerpts, you can find that school uniforms have both supporters and opponents.
   Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should:
   1. summarize the opinions from both sides briefly, and then
   2. express your opinion towards school uniforms, especially whether schools should require their students to wear school uniforms.
   Excerpt 1
   It is difficult to trace the origins of uniforms as there is no comprehensive written history but rather a variety of known influences. Although uniforms can often be considered conservative and old-fashioned, uniforms in recent years have changed as societal dress codes have changed. Little is known prior to the nineteenth century about uniforms, but there certainly are influences dating back to the 13th century. In 1222, the Archbishop of Canterbury ordered monks to wear a specific monastic form of dress. Despite this example, the roots of the modern day uniform come mostly from the collegiate uniforms in England. Universities, primary schools and secondary schools used uniforms as a marker of class and status, which in turn served as a boundary. As early as the sixteenth century, uniforms were utilised and became more specific as various fashion trends became undesirable to the university.
   Traditionally favored by private institutions, school uniforms are being adopted by US public schools in increasing numbers. Almost one in five US public schools required students to wear uniforms during the 2011-2012 school year, up from one in eight in 2003-2004. Mandatory uniform policies in public schools are found more commonly in high-poverty areas.
   Proponents say that school uniforms make schools safer for students, create a "level playing field" that reduces socioeconomic disparities, and encourage children to focus on their studies rather than their clothes.
   Excerpt 2
   The opposing side of uniforms have claimed their ineffectiveness using a variety of justifications, a variety of which have research supporting them. Some of the cons to school uniforms include the following concerns: The primary concern with school uniforms or strict dress codes is that it limits the ability of the student to express themselves. Clothing is viewed as a mean of expression. Making all students wear the same clothes or limiting them to what they can wear can disrupt their sense of identity.
   Another negative aspect of school uniforms is that it may have a detrimental effect on students’ self-image. When students have to wear the same outfits, rather than being allowed to select clothes that suit their body types, they can suffer embarrassment at school. Child and teen development specialist Robyn Silverman said that students, especially girls, tend to compare how each other looks in their uniforms: "As a body image expert, I hear from students all the time that they feel it allows for a lot of comparison... So if you have a body that’s a plus-size body, a very tall body, a very short body, those girls often feel that they don’t look their best."
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答案 Say Yes to School Uniforms Love it or loathe it, school uniforms are a part of growing up for countless children around the world. And as for supporters of school uniforms, they spot many positive implications, namely making schools safer for students, creating a "level playing field" that reduces socioeconomic disparities, etc. Naturally there also exit opponents who have claimed ineffectiveness of school uniforms using a variety of justifications. In my opinion, the advantages of school uniforms outweigh its disadvantages. Therefore, schools, especially elementary and middle schools, should require their students to wear uniforms. Firstly, it is admitted that a safe and disciplined learning environment is the first requirement of a good school. School uniforms are one positive and creative way to achieve this kind of environment. School uniforms help students be aware of their identity of being a student, and thus help to create a strong sense of school ethos and a sense of belonging to a particular community. As such they help to cultivate conformity in student attitudes and drive up academic standards. Secondly, uniforms act as a kind of social leveler, under which all students are equal in the eyes of the school and of each other. In institutions without uniforms students are often competitive and worry endlessly about their appearance and the clothes they should wear. Pupils without expensive clothes may be singled out as social outcasts, or laughed at as being from poor backgrounds. For these reasons many parents prefer uniforms as they save them money on buying clothes for school wear. Thirdly, uniforms make it easy to check that every student maintains a smart appearance and is dressed appropriately. In schools where students are allowed to dress as they like, a constant battle has to be fought by staff to ensure that what the students choose to wear is not inappropriate, not too revealing, and not with offensive slogans, etc. In short, school uniforms provide quite a few advantages to schools as well as to students themselves. It is essential for schools to require their students to wear uniforms.
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