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  3. The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields

The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields

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问题     The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia . According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
    Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. 【B6】_________Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
    【B7】________ ________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
    Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental change" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004. 【B8】________
    When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
    The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. 【B9】________This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
    The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. 【B10】________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
    A ) It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
    B ) However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
    C) The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
    D ) The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
    E) These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
    F) Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
    G ) During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
【B6】
选项
答案E
解析 本填空出现在段落的中部，应该首先整体把握填空前后的原文信息。本填空之前的原文信息就是本段的首句，这是很明显的概括性的句子，也是全文的中心主线句，所以本填空的信息一定会围绕此主题信息顺延展开。同时本填空之后的原文信息似乎谈论的是一个具体的例子，根据填空之前的原文信息，大致可以判断出填入填空第1题的信息首先应该展开说明社会科学没有能够应对那些global challenges(全球挑战)。特别要注意本填空之后原文信息中出现的一个关键线索词“too(同样)”，因为这个线索词表达的是并列的逻辑关系而且原文信息是一个具体的例子(饥饿问题)，这就说明本填空中的信息也需要有一个具体的例子，而且这个例子也要证明这些全球挑战不仅仅是技术问题，更是社会问题，所以说社会科学没有能够应对那些global challenges(全球挑战)。选项A)的主题信息明显是two communities of social scientists(两大类社会学家)，这肯定与填空第1题的主题无关，根据无关词排除法予以排除；选项B)中有关键线索词However(表转折)，同时有指代词the numbers，那就说明此选项之前的信息一定要提及数字，明显与本填空无关；选项C)中出现了指代词the idea，而且通读之后发现the idea的具体内容与本填空的信息无关；选项D)具有一定的迷惑性，因为出现了the solution(解决办法)。本填空之前的信息刚刚批评了社会科学没有能够为解决当今的全球挑战做出足够的贡献，如果用“窄眼光”来拼接信息，会有人觉得应该正好接“解决办法”，而且本选项中还出现了复现词汇global challenges。但问题是选项D)与后面的信息无法衔接，本填空之后的原文信息是具体的例子，指出这些全球挑战不仅仅是技术问题，更是社会问题；根据线索词“too(同样)”可知，本填空中的信息也应该出现具体的例子，说明同样的问题，选项D)中显然没有相关内容，说明它与本填空之后的信息衔接不上，故也排除；选项E)出现了指代词These issues，而本填空之前的原文信息列举了一系列的全球挑战(climate change，security，sustainable development and health)，从指代关系上是可以成立的。关键本选项中用for example引出了具体的例子，即气候变化，并说明气候变化不仅仅是开发清洁能源的问题，也是改变消费模式和提高税收接受程度的问题。这个例子与本填空之后原文中的那个例子(饥饿问题)表达的意思一致，都在说明这些全球挑战不仅仅是技术问题，更是社会问题，因此确定本选项为答案。
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