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  3. Skeptics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many boring degrees with little value in the workplace.【

Skeptics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many boring degrees with little value in the workplace.【

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问题     Skeptics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many boring degrees with little value in the workplace.【C1】________elite universities tend to produce higher-earning graduates than less selective institutions do, you might【C2】________them to teach more practical courses.【C3】________data from Britain’s Department for Education show the opposite. Undergraduate students at【C4】________universities are more likely to study purely academic【C5】________such as philosophy and classics, whereas those at less choosy ones tend to【C6】________ vocational topics such as business or nursing.
    What could【C7】________this seeming contradiction? One reason is that employers treat a【C8】________from a top university as an indicator for intelligence. This means that students at elite institutions can study bookish subjects and still succeed【C9】________. The median Cambridge graduate in a creative-arts subject—the university’s least profitable group of courses, including fields such as music—earns around £25,000 ($32,400) at age 26. Economics students from less elite universities, such as Hull, make a similar【C10】________.
    Yet even though Oxbridge students can pretend to read "Ulysses" for years and still expect a【C11】________salary, they end【C12】________paying a large opportunity cost by pursuing the arts. That is because employers reserve the highest starting wages for students who both attended a leading university and also【C13】________a marketable subject.
    Many gifted arts students would struggle to deal with numbers. But for those who can excel at both, the cost of sticking with the arts is【C14】________. Cambridge creative-arts students have A-level scores close to those of economics students at Warwick, but【C15】________about half as much.
    Who can【C16】________such indulgence? The answer is Oxbridge students, who often have rich parents. At most universities, students in courses that【C17】________high-paying jobs, such as economics and medicine, tend to come from wealthier families, partly because such【C18】________ are more likely to have the examination scores necessary to be accepted. At Oxbridge,【C19】________. no such association exists. History and philosophy students there come from richer parts of Britain, on average, than their【C20】________studying medicine do.
【C18】
选项 A、applicants
B、inhabitants
C、defendants
D、participants
答案D
解析 该句空格处需要填写一个动词短语，在that引导的定语从句中作谓语。空格所在句的句意为：“在大多数大学，攻读________高薪工作专业(如经济学和医学)的学生往往来自较富裕的家庭，部分原因是这些________更可能取得入学所需的考试成绩”。本句旨在表明在大多数大学，富裕家庭的学生所学习的课程与高薪工作之间的关系。由于更可能取得入学所需的考试成绩，这些大多数大学里的来自富裕家庭的学生往往会读能够获得高薪工作的专业，四个选项中只有D项lead to(导致；通向)符合此逻辑关系，故为正确选项。A项makeup意为“构成”；B项begin with意为“开始”；C项assess at意为“估算”。将三项代入原文，均不符合语境，故排除。A项该句空格处需要填写一个名词，在because引导的原因状语从句中与such一起作主语。空格所在句的句意为：“在大多数大学，攻读通往高薪工作专业(如经济学和医学)的学生往往来自较富裕的家庭，部分原因是这些________更可能取得入学所需的考试成绩”。根据本句句意可推知， “such+空格”代指上文提到过的students in courses that________high-paying jobs, such as economics and medicine，即攻读通往高薪工作专业(如经济学和医学)的学生，而学生需要进行申请才能攻读这些专业。四个选项中只有A项applicants(申请人)符合句意，故为正确选项。将B项inhabitants“居民”、C项defendants“被告人”和D项participants“参与者”代入原文，均不符合句意，故排除。
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