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  3. When Hurricane Katrina ravaged the U. S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Facebook was the new kid on the block. There was no Twitter for new

When Hurricane Katrina ravaged the U. S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Facebook was the new kid on the block. There was no Twitter for new

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问题     When Hurricane Katrina ravaged the U. S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Facebook was the new kid on the block. There was no Twitter for news updates, and the iPhone was not yet on the scene. By the time Hurricane Sandy slammed the eastern seaboard in 2012, social media had become an integral part of disaster response, filling the void in areas where cell phone service was lost while millions of Americans looked to resources including Twitter and Facebook to keep informed, locate loved ones, notify authorities and express support.
    Researchers have now started publishing data on the use of social media in disasters, and lawmakers and security experts have begun to assess how emergency management can best adapt. The new playbook will not do away with the emergency broadcast system and other government efforts. Rather, it will incorporate new data from researchers, federal agencies and nonprofits that have begun to reveal the exact penetration of social media in disasters.
    The Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)wrote in its 2013 National Preparedness report that during and immediately following Hurricane Sandy, "users sent more than 20 million Sandy-related Twitter posts, or ’tweets,’ despite the loss of cell phone service during the peak of the storm. " Following the Boston Marathon bombings, one quarter of Americans reportedly looked to Facebook, Twitter and other social networking sites for information. When the Boston Police Department posted its final "CAPTURED!!!" tweet of the manhunt, more than 140,000 people retweeted it.
    Each disaster sparks its own complex web of fast-paced information exchange. That’s a good thing, says Mark Keim, associate director for science in the Office of Environmental Health Emergencies at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), it can both improve disaster response and allow affected populations to take control of their situation as well as feel empowered.
    Drawing up an effective social media strategy and tweaking it to fit an emergency, however, is a crucial part of preparedness planning, says disaster sociologist Jeannette Sutton, a senior research scientist at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs who studies social media in crises and disaster. For the Boston Marathon incident, she found no consistent hash tag on Twitter, which can make tracking relevant information difficult. Even searching for the word "Boston" may fall short, she says, because it could lead to unrelated matter like Boston tourism or fail to capture relevant tweets that did not include the word Boston. As part of disaster preparedness, she says, it would be useful to teach the public how to use social media effectively, how to get information from the Web and also how to put out useful information.
    All the fast-paced information available via social media does pose inherent risks when navigating emergency situations. One is the rapid spread of misinformation—as was the case after the Boston bombings with the identification of a missing man as a possible suspect. Although mistakes often get fixed via the "Wikipedia effect," in which other users correct the errors, Sutton notes that false information can easily go viral. Another key risk is scammers using social media to steal cash. The FBI has warned that social media can also be a lucrative platform for scam artists that crop up in the wake of tragedy. After the Newtown, Conn. , school shooting, for example, the FBI arrested a woman who allegedly claimed to be the relative of a dead victim and solicited money via Facebook and other sources.
The author’s attitude towards social media’s effects on disaster response is most accurately described as______.
选项 A、appreciation of the fast-paced information exchange social media sparks together with awareness of its effectiveness and risks
B、respect of the fast-paced information exchange social media sparks together with disdain of its effectiveness and risks
C、skepticism of the fast-paced information exchange social media sparks together with awareness of its effectiveness and risks
D、acceptance of the fast-paced information exchange social media sparks together with intolerance of its effectiveness and risks
答案A
解析 本题考查考生对全文所述主题和作者写作基调以及态度的把握。通过前面的讨论我们已经知道，文章前四段都是关于社交媒体在救灾中发挥的积极效果的描述，不管是今昔对比，还是引用别人的评论，或者是举例子，都可以清晰地从中感受到，作者对于这一现象是持肯定的态度，也就是对于社交媒体所激发的快节奏的信息交换表示欣赏，即[A]选项，而[B][C][D]选项中的“尊敬”、“怀疑”和“接受”都是错误或者不够准确的描述。文章后两段讲到了社交媒体在救灾应用当中存在的问题和风险。在论述过程中，作者使用了非常客观的口吻，不管是引用别人的评论作建议，还是举例子，作者都是在客观地论述，并没有表达出一点点强烈的个人倾向在里面，可以说，作者意识到其可能存在的低效率使用和风险，即[A]选项，而[B]和[D]选项中的“鄙视”和“不能容忍”都太强烈了，并不是作者所持的态度。[C]选项用的也是“意识到”，但是前面的“怀疑”是错误的描述，因此也不正确。综合考虑上述两点，[A]是最佳答案。
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