首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
When Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type a half-millennium ago, he also gave us immovable text. Before Gutenberg, books wer
When Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type a half-millennium ago, he also gave us immovable text. Before Gutenberg, books wer
admin
2014-06-25
41
问题
When Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type a half-millennium ago, he also gave us immovable text. Before Gutenberg, books were handwritten by scribes, and no two copies were exactly the same. Scribes weren’t machines; they made mistakes. With the arrival of the letterpress, thousands of identical copies could enter the marketplace simultaneously. The publication of a book became an event.
A new set of literary workers assembled in publishing houses, collaborating with writers to perfect texts before they went on press. The verb "to finalize" became common in literary circles, expressing the permanence of printed words. Different editions still had textual variations, but books still came to be viewed as immutable objects. They were written for posterity.
Beyond giving writers a spur to eloquence, what the historian Elizabeth Eisenstein calls "typographical fixity" served as a cultural preservative. It helped to protect original documents from corruption, providing a more solid foundation for the writing of history. It established a reliable record of knowledge, aiding the spread of science. It accelerated the standardization of everything from language to law. The preservative qualities of printed books, Ms. Eisenstein argues, may be the most important legacy of Gutenberg’s invention.
Once digitized, a page of words loses its fixity. It can change every time it’s refreshed on a screen. A book page turns into something like a Web page, able to be revised endlessly after its initial uploading. That’s an attractive development in many ways. It makes it easy for writers to correct errors and update facts. Guidebooks will no longer send travelers to restaurants that have closed. Even literary authors will be tempted to keep their works fresh. Historians and biographers will be able to revise their narratives to account for recent events or newly discovered documents.
But as is often the case with digitization, the boon carries a bane. The ability to alter the contents of a book will be easy to abuse. What may be more insidious is the pressure to fiddle with books for commercial reasons. Because e-readers gather enormously detailed information on the way people read, they’ll know how quickly readers progress through different chapters, when they skip pages, and when they abandon a book. The promise of stronger sales and profits will make it hard to resist tinkering with a book in response to such signals. What will be lost is the sense of a book as a finished and complete object, a self-contained work of art.
Not long before he died, John Updike spoke eloquently of a book’s "edges," the boundaries that give shape and integrity to a literary work and that for centuries have found their outward expression in the indelibility of printed pages. It’s those edges that give a book its solidity, allowing it to stand up to the variations of fashion and the erosions of time. And it’s those edges that seem fated to blur as the words of books go from being stamped permanently on sheets of paper to being rendered temporarily on flickering screens.
To which of the following would Elizabeth Eisenstein most probably agree?
选项
A、Printing fixedness contributes greatly to the preservation of knowledge.
B、Writers’ desire for eloquence made typographical fixity possible.
C、Standardization gave rise to textual fixity of documents.
D、Impact of Gutenberg’s invention is more technical than cultural.
答案
A
解析
根据题干人名定位到第三段。该段指出,被历史学家Elizabeth Eisenstein称为“印刷固定性”的特征起到了“文化防腐剂”的作用。它有助于保护原始文件,为编写史书提供坚实基础;为知识创建可靠的记录,促进科学的传播;加速语言等的标准化进程。可见,印刷固定性大大有助于知识的保存,[A]选项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/tNMRFFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Artistsroutinelymockbusinesspeopleasmoney-obsessedbores.Orworse.Manybusinesspeople,fortheirpart,assumethatartis
Artistsroutinelymockbusinesspeopleasmoney-obsessedbores.Orworse.Manybusinesspeople,fortheirpart,assumethatartis
GenerationY—thegroupofAmericanscurrentlyintheirlateteenstoearly30s—getscalledalotofnames.Personalfinanceadvi
Antibiotics,beforetheybecameusedasdrugs,werenaturalproducts.Anewfindingprovidesthefirstdirect【C1】______thatanti
Somepeoplethinkpeopleshouldlearntocompete,butothersthinkthatpeopleshouldbetaughttocooperate.Whatisyouropini
Thenumberofthecompaniesthatwereestablishedin2002isaboutThereasonwhyagoodbusinessplanisimportantisthatit
Morepeoplethaneverbeforeareembarkingontheirownenterpriseadventureandstartingtheirownbusiness.Nearly400,000com
AyoungmanchoosingacarisnotedtosuggestthatThe"prestigeCollection"businessofHertzis
随机试题
能力测验就是确定能力的()和()。
能提高胃蛋白酶活性的药物是
A、急性肠炎B、胃穿孔C、输尿管结石D、急性胰腺炎E、十二指肠溃疡腹痛,伴有腹泻,多见于
深基坑支护与降水工程、模板工程、脚手架工程的施工专项方案必须经下列哪些人员签字后实施?()①经施工单位技术负责人;②总监理工程师;③结构设计人;④施工方法人代表
下列错误中不能通过编制试算平衡表查找出来的有()。
出版专业技术人员每年应参加()的继续教育学习。
阅读下面的材料,根据要求写一篇议论文。一头驴和一匹马到某磨坊去应聘推磨工作。结果,驴被选中,马遭淘汰。一年以后,这匹马被伯乐相中,成了远近闻名的千里马。磨坊的主人闻讯以后,后悔不迭地跑去对千里马说:“你如此能干,当初我竟然没有聘用你,我真是有眼无
已知公差不为0的等差数列{an}的首项为2,且a1、a2、a4成等比数列.求数列{an}的通项公式.
theChinesezodiac
KobeBryantAfter10seasonswearingtheNo.8onhisback,KobeBryantwillbecomeNo.24nextseason.Thereasonforthes
最新回复
(
0
)