首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How MEMORY WORKS 1 Memory is the brain’s ability to store and retrieve information related to previous experiences.Memory occu
How MEMORY WORKS 1 Memory is the brain’s ability to store and retrieve information related to previous experiences.Memory occu
admin
2013-04-25
29
问题
How MEMORY WORKS
1 Memory is the brain’s ability to store and retrieve information related to previous experiences.Memory occurs in two stages: short-term and long term.Short-term memory reflects an immediate sensory perception of an object or idea that occurs before the image is stored.Short-term memory enables you to dial a telephone number after looking it up but without looking at the number directly.If you call the number frequently, it becomes stored in long-term memory and can be recalled several weeks after you originally looked it up.Short-term memory and long-term memory can be thought of as memory structures, each varying as to how much information it can hold and for how long.
2 Memory relies on the ability to process information.Information processing begins with the environmental stimuli that you see, hear, smell, taste, and feel.These experiences are initially recorded in the brain’s sensory register, which holds information just long enough (one to three seconds) for you to decide whether to process it further.Information that you do not selectively
attend to
will disappear from the system.However, if you recognize and attend to the information as meaningful or relevant, it is sent to short-term memory.Short- term memory can hold approximately seven unrelated bits of information at a time.
3 Short-term memory is often called working memory because it holds information that you are working with at a given moment, but only for about 20 seconds.Then, unless the information is processed further, it is quickly forgotten.For example, if you were asked to dial an unfamiliar telephone number, received a busy signal, and were then distracted by something else for 20 seconds, you probably would have forgotten the number at that point.Unless information in short-term memory is processed further, it does not
make it to
long- term memory.
4 Several control processes enable the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory.One such process is rehearsal, or "practice makes perfect." Rehearsal is when you repeat something to yourself over and over.
The purpose behind such behavior is usually to memorize information for later use, although sometimes it is simply to hold information in short-term memory for immediate use.
For example, you may rehearse a telephone number by saying it aloud so you can redial it after getting a busy signal without having to look it up again in the phone book.Another process that enables the transfer of information to long-term memory is the association of new data with data previously learned and stored in long-term memory.Thus, it is easier to learn a new card game if you already have "
card sense
" from playing other games.
5 For cognitive psychologists, long-term memory is the most interesting of the memory structures, and most believe that the storage capacity of long-term memory is unlimited and contains a permanent record of everything you have learned.Long-term memory plays an influential role throughout the information processing system.The interests, attitudes, skills, and knowledge of the world existing in your long-term memory influence what you perceive and how you interpret your perceptions.
They
also affect whether you process information for short-term or long-term storage.
6 Long-term memory can hold recollections of personal experiences as well as factual knowledge acquired through other means such as reading.It also holds skills such as knowing how to ride a bicycle.In its ability to learn and remember, the brain can distinguish between facts and skills.When you acquire factual knowledge by memorizing dates, word definitions, formulas, and other information, you can consciously retrieve this fact memory from the data bank of your long-term memory.In contrast, skill memory usually involves motor activities that you learn by repetition without consciously remembering specific information.You perform learned motor skills, such as walking or riding a bicycle, without consciously recalling the individual steps required to do these tasks.
Look at the four squares,A,B, C, and D , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?
One way of understanding the nature of long-term memory is to consider the types of information stored there.
A Long-term memory can hold recollections of personal experiences as well as factual knowledge acquired through other means such as reading.It also holds skills such as knowing how to ride a bicycle.B In its ability to learn and remember, the brain can distinguish between facts and skills.When you acquire factual knowledge by memorizing dates, word definitions, formulas, and other information, you can consciously retrieve this fact memory from the data bank of your long-term memory.C In contrast, skill memory usually involves motor activities that you learn by repetition without consciously remembering specific information.D You perform learned motor skills, such as walking or riding a bicycle, without consciously recalling the individual steps required to do these tasks.
选项
A、Square A.
B、Square B.
C、Square C.
D、Square D.
答案
A
解析
The added sentence introduces the topic of the types of information stored in long-term memory.The next two sentences develop this topic with details: ...recollections of personal experiences...,...factual knowledge acquired through other means...; ...skills...(1.8)
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/rClYFFFM
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Howdidthestudentgettheuniversityprospectus?doaidwork
Notetakingimprovesyourabilityto______onwhatthespeakersays.【37】
【21】Michalpointsoutthatnon-nativespeakerstudentscanuse______andbodylanguagetoindicatewhentheyarereadytoadd
【21】Shesaysthatnon-nativespeakerstudentsneedtoanticipateand______inordertogetinvolvedinseminardiscussions.
Theuniversityhasproduceda______toinformstudentsaboutthedifferentaccommodationoptionsavailable.BreconHalls
SECTION2Questions11-20Questions11-12CompletethefollowingsentencesusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.
Thingsthatseemexcitingandfascinatingcanlaterseem______accordingtoAliandJatinder.The______mayalsohaveinforma
ChooseTHREEletters,A-F.WhichTHREEthingsarethestudentsrequiredtosubmittotheirprofessor?AawrittensummaryBnote
TheGherkinBuildingCommissionedby:【L31】________firmcalledFosterandPartnersThefeaturesofitsappearance:Itsshapeis
A、Studentsmightnotconsiderthemtobeanimportantpartofculture.B、Theysymbolizetherebellionofyouthinthe1950’s.C、
随机试题
A.丙酮酸激酶B.丙酮酸羧化酶C.苹果酸酶D.磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶催化反应的底物或产物中都没有CO2的是
患者,男,24岁。左上后牙咀嚼痛1个多月,近1周加剧。近日牙齿出现松动,完全不能触动。疼痛剧烈,不能入睡,发热、头痛。检查发现左上后牙牙龈红肿,触痛明显,左上第一磨牙远中牙合面龋,无探痛,叩痛(+++)数天后患者疼痛减轻,局部肿胀明显,此时属病变的
蒸汽供热系统中的疏水阀,具有的主要作用是()。
任何单位,必须经公安交通管理部门和()的批准,才能按规定占用和挖掘城市道路。
关于65(或70)岁到期定期寿险,下列说法正确的是( )。
某中外合作经营企业合作合同规定,外方合作者以现金和机器设备出资,占总出资额的60%,中方合作者以厂房和土地使用权出资,占总出资额的40%;合作企业合作期内所得收益首先全部用于偿付外方出资,在外方出资偿付完毕后的合作期限内,合作双方各按50%比例分配收益;
下列各项中,不符合车船税有关征收管理规定的是()。
试述反垄断法所禁止的滥用市场支配地位行为的表现形式。
现行的公历是下列哪一部古代历法演变而来的?
()请勿拍照()禁止骑车()行李存放处()禁止通行
最新回复
(
0
)