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  3. As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a qu

As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a qu

admin2013-08-03  44
问题     As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a quarterly report or life-threatening errors while operating machinery. But according to two business school professors, it can make people more unethical too.
    In a forthcoming paper in the Academy of Management Journal, highlighted recently in the Financial Times, Michael Christian of the University of North Carolina’s Kenan-Flagler Business School and Aleksander Ellis of the University of Arizona’s Eller College of Management studied sleep-deprived nurses and students who’d pulled all-nighters in a sleep lab. They found that a lack of sleep led not just to poor performance on tasks that require "innovative thinking, risk analysis, and strategic planning"—though studies have shown all those to be true—but also to increased deviant and unethical behavior in both groups. Examples included rudeness, inappropriate responses and attempts to take more money than they’d earned.
    How does this happen? Christian and Ellis write that sleep deprivation results in lower brain functioning, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which contains the parts of the brain that control " executive" functions, such as inhibiting emotion and behavior. Sleep deprivation reduces the metabolism of glucose, which acts as brain food for these functions.
    And why does this matter for leaders? In a global, always-on work world, responding to emails from the boss at midnight is considered normal and logging four hours of sleep a night to talk to colleagues in Bangalore is a regular occurrence. As a result, going without sleep has become a workplace badge of honor. Staying up all night to crunch on a deadline or taking red eye flights to meet clients on two continents in one day have replaced putting in a few hours on the weekend as evidence that you’re working hard.
    The numbers the two professors cite in their paper are startling. According to the National Sleep Disorders Research Plan, sleep deprivation costs the U. S. economy some $ 150 billion annually in accidents and productivity losses. The percentage of Americans who sleep less than six hours a night has jumped from 13 percent to 20 percent between 1999 and 2009, according to the National Sleep Foundation. The same group estimated that in 2009, one-third of Americans lost sleep thanks to financial distress. Who knows what that number is now.
    Christian and Ellis show that sleep deprivation has worse effects than just the occasional mistake or error— rude behavior and deviance can cost organizations just as much, if not more. To help fight the problems of sleep deprivations, leaders should provide "sleep awareness training"(whatever that is), monitor their workaholic cultures and provide more "restorative opportunities. " And no, air traffic controllers, they’re not suggesting napping on the job. Just taking more frequent breaks.
The following are mentioned as the result of sleep deprivation EXCEPT
选项 A、dangerous actions.
B、threat to health.
C、bad manners.
D、faults in working.
答案B
解析 细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第一段和第二段。通览前两段可以看出，作者并没有直接提到睡眠不足会给健康带来的影响，[B]是对第一段中life-threatening errors的意思的曲解，故为本题答案。第一段中提到了life—threatening errors while operating machinery“操作机器时的致命错误”，故[A]是睡眠不足的后果，应该排除；而第一段和第二段中均提到unethical，rudeness等，可归纳为“不礼貌的行为”，故[C]也应排除；在第一段第一句也提及了“工作中的差错”，因此排除[D]。
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