2. 外语
  3. From the foyer of his small guesthouse some 100 feet from the shoreline, Mohamed Nizar, 52, was wondering how long his business

From the foyer of his small guesthouse some 100 feet from the shoreline, Mohamed Nizar, 52, was wondering how long his business

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问题     From the foyer of his small guesthouse some 100 feet from the shoreline, Mohamed Nizar, 52, was wondering how long his business could remain viable.
    Last year, during an unusually nasty storm, water snaked through the narrow streets of Guraidhoo, a small island in the Maldives, pooling around the floor of the three-room house and chasing away guests.
    Down along the beach, the picture was even worse. Erosion of the shore has become so severe, he said, that the owner of a neighboring guesthouse stakes plastic jerrycans in the sand to curb flooding during sea swells.
    "What is the lagoon now used to be the football field on this island, " Mr. Nizar said on a recent afternoon. "I have to leave this guesthouse if it keeps eroding. I am sure of it."
    Guesthouses have proliferated across this archipelago in the Indian Ocean, as the Maldives shifts away from catering to the uber-rich and welcomes budget-conscious travelers.
    But unlike resort islands, which spend millions of dollars on constructing sea walls, dredging sand and hiring marine biologists, islands with small-scale guesthouses are mostly reliant on the government for protection from shore erosion and rising seas, which many on Guraidhoo attribute to climate change.
    Residents say the funds for conservation projects are available in the form of tourist taxes, paid through business owners to the government. The problem, they say, is that it is unclear where the money is going—or whether it ultimately can save the world’s lowest-lying country.
    "If the Maldives don’t exist, we’re not losing just 400,000 people, " said Maeed Mohamed Zahir, the director for advocacy at Ecocare, an environmental organization based in Male, the capital.
    "We’re losing a nationality, an identity, a cultural history, a language, a script, " he added. " We’re losing the beaches. We’re losing the coconut palms. We’re losing everything."
    Now, with guesthouses injecting cash into local economies and providing greater employment opportunities outside the resort industry, many hope this new revenue generator is here to stay. That is, of course, if the islands remain above water.
    To help fund conservation and waste management projects in the Maldives, the government passed a bill levying a "green tax" on tourists visiting resorts. For every night booked, tourists pay $6. Last year, guesthouses, which were initially exempt from the policy, were added to the list of green taxpaying businesses at a discounted rate of $3 a night.
    Guraidhoo has a permanent population of around 1,900 people, but hosts 12 guesthouses and another 1,000 day visitors. But residents say the government has yet to start work on their island.
    "It is very simple, " said Mohamed Solih, 50, the owner of Ithaa Beach Inn. "The cow that gives more milk has to be fed more. So islands that pay tourism taxes should be a priority in shore protection initiatives by the government."
    Asked how green taxes are spent, the Ministry of Environment directed questions to the country’s Environmental Protection Agency, which directed questions to the Ministry of Finance. The Ministry of Finance declined to comment despite repeated questions. A review of the country’s budget proposal did not yield information about where green tax revenue is allocated.
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答案 52岁的穆罕默德.尼扎尔(Mohamed Nizar)的小型民宿距离海岸线约100英尺，他站在民宿门厅，思考着自己的生意还能维持多久。 去年，在一场异常猛烈的风暴中，洪水涌向马尔代夫小岛古雷德胡岛(Guraidhoo)那些蜿蜒狭窄的街道，把这栋三居室房屋变成了天然水池，还把游客都赶跑了。 沿着海滩望去，情况更为糟糕。尼扎尔说，海岸侵蚀十分严重，所以附近一家民宿主人在沙滩上用塑料油罐筑起了隔离带。以防止海水上涨时洪水泛滥。 “这片璃湖曾是岛上的足球场。”在不久前的一个下午尼扎尔这样说道，“如果海岸侵蚀日益加剧，我肯定得离开这里。” 随着马尔代夫从迎合超级富豪转向欢迎精打细算旅客的到来，这个印度洋群岛上民宿数量激增。 但与花费数百万美元建造海堤、疏浚沙石并雇用海洋生物学家的度假岛屿不同，拥有小型民宿的岛屿主要依靠政府来保护其免受海岸侵蚀和海平面上升的影响。古雷德胡岛上的大部分居民将这些问题归因于气候变化。 当地居民称，企业主支付给政府的旅游税是环保项目的资金来源，但问题是目前尚不清楚资金去向，也不清楚它们最终能否拯救这个世界上海拔最低的国家。 “如果马尔代夫消失了，我们失去的不仅仅是40万居民。”麦伊德.穆罕默德. 查希尔(Maeed Mohamed Zahir)这样说道，他是环保组织“关爱生态”(Ecocare)项目的倡导负责人。这个组织的总部在首都马累(Malé)。 “我们正在失去国家归属感、身份认同、文化历史、语言以及文字。”他补充道，“我们也将失去海滩、椰树与所有的一切。” 如今，随着民宿为当地带来经济红利，并促进旅游业以外就业机会的增加，许多人希望这种新的收入来源能够持续下去。当然，前提是这些岛屿未被海水淹没。 为了筹集马尔代夫环保与废物管理项目资金，政府通过了一项法案，向前来度假村的游客征收“环保税”。游客每住一晚需要缴税6美元。去年，原本不在该政策征税范围内的民宿也被纳入了绿色纳税企业的行列，但他们享有优惠税率，游客每晚仅需缴纳3美元税费。 古雷德胡岛的常住人口约1, 900人，但它拥有12家民宿，每日迎采1,000名游客但当地居民表示，政府尚未对该岛实施该保护项目。 “这很简单。”伊萨海滩民宿(Ithaa Beach Inn)主人、现年50岁的穆罕默德.索利 (Mohamed Solih)说，“产奶量高的奶牛自然应该要喂更多的饲料。因此，政府开展海岸保护行动时当然会优先考虑支付旅游税的岛屿。” 当被问及如何使用环保税收时，马尔代夫环境保护部(Ministry of Environment)把问题抛给了国家环境保护局(Environmental Protection Agency)，后者又把问题抛给财政部(Ministry of Finance)。尽管一再提问，财政部拒绝置评。通过对国家预算提案的详细查阅也未能发现关于环保税收入用途的信息。
解析     1.第2段nasty为多义词。有“下流的”“低俗可厌的”“难应付的”等多个义项。文中nasty用于修饰风暴。说这种强风暴是不常见的，故应该选第3个义项，可稍意译作“猛烈的”。
    2.第2段chasing away为固定搭配，意为“迫使某人／某物离去”，可考虑用一个稍微形象生动一点的表达，译为 “把……赶跑”。
    3.第3段第一句picture为多义词，有“照片”“画面”“情况”等义项。此处的picture一指的是马尔代夫海岸侵蚀十分严重这个情况，故取其第3义项，译为“情况”更为合适。
    4.第9段第一句script为多义词，有“脚本”“手迹”“文字系统”等多个义项。文中与script搭配，同为losing的并列宾语的是language“语言”，故根据语义，这里选择第3个义项，译作“文字”比较适合。
    5.第10段第一句is here to stay为固定搭配，意为“被大多数人接受或使用，因此成为生活的一部分”，故this new：revenue generator is here to stay可译作“这种新的收入来源能够持续下去”。
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