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People Are More Honest than They Think They Are Imagine that you found a wallet in the street containing a stranger’s co

admin2021-06-15  41
问题                                              People Are More Honest than They Think They Are
        Imagine that you found a wallet in the street containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash. Would you go out of your way to return it to its owner? Now imagine that the same wallet contained a few crisp banknotes. Would that alter your response? Does it depend on the amount of money? And how do you think other people would react in similar circumstances?
        Honesty makes the world go round. Without people trusting in one another, at least to a certain extent, society would fall apart. Honesty is therefore studied academically. Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in laboratories. Moreover, it often features well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world.
        As the team report this week in Science, from Canada to Thailand and from Russia to Peru, Dr. Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings like banks, museums and police stations. They handed in a dummy wallet to an employee in the reception area, saying they had found it on the street outside, before making a hasty exit. Each wallet was a see-through plastic card case containing three identical business cards (with a unique email address and a fictitious native man’s name), a shopping list (in the local language) and a key. Crucially, some wallets also included $13.45 in the local currency, while some had no cash. Then, the team simply waited to see who would email the "owner" about returning the wallet.
        In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money in them were returned more often than those without (51% of the time, compared with 40% for the cashless). While rates of honesty varied greatly between different places (Scandinavia most honest, Asia and Africa least), the difference within individual countries between the two return rates was quite stable around that figure of 11 percentage points. In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another ten percentage points) to be returned than those with less, although the "big money" experiment was done in only three countries —at least when it comes to lost wallets and petty cash Intriguingly, though, such personal probity is not reflected in people’s expectations of their fellow men and women. When Dr. Cohn and his team surveyed a sample of 299 (admittedly exclusively American) volunteers, most respondents predicted that the more money there was in a wallet the more likely it was that it would be kept. They also asked the question of 279 top academic economists, who did only marginally better than the man or woman in the street at getting the answer right.
        A certain cynicism about the motives of others is probably good for survival, so the response of the general population may be understandable. But the warm inner glow derived from "doing the right thing" is also a powerful motivator. How this altruism evolved is much debated by biologists and anthropologists—particularly when it extends, as in Dr. Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal. The study also suggests, from the responses they gave, that quite a few e conomists have not yet truly taken this point on board.
Which of the following sentences can best fit in the blank in the fourth paragraph?
选项 A、People in less developed countries are more likely to keep others’ wallets.
B、People in higher economic statues are more honest.
C、The more money put in the wallet, the better we can know people’s honesty.
D、With greater temptation, then comes greater honesty.
答案D
解析 推断题。题干：下列哪一项最适合放在第四段的空白处?根据题干回到原文第四段。通读全段可知，空白处是对上文内容的总结概括，所以只要理解第四段前半部分的内容，再进行总结就能选出正确答案。第四段前两句谈到钱包的归还率情况：在40个国家中，有38个国家，钱包里有钱的钱包比没有钱的钱包被归还的几率更高(有51%的几率，而无现金钱包被归还的几率为40%)。虽然不同地区(斯堪的纳维亚地区最诚信，亚洲和非洲最不诚信)的诚信率差异很大，但在单一国家内，这两个返还率之间的差异相当稳定，大约在11个百分点左右。接着文章用In addition一词进一步说明钱包归还的情况：钱包里装有更多钱(94.15美元)的钱包比钱包里装有更少钱的钱包更有可能(再多出大约10个百分点)被归还，尽管这种大笔钱的实验只在三个国家进行过。然后文章再次总结概括：_________至少当它涉及丢失的钱包和零用钱时。由此可知，当钱包里有钱时，丢失的钱包很有可能被归还；但当钱包里的钱比较多时，丢失的钱包被归还的可能性更高，这说明人在面对更大的诱惑时表现得更加诚信。A项“欠发达国家的人更有可能保留他人的钱包”，文章说的是亚洲和非洲，两个洲不能等同于欠发达国家，所以A项不正确，排除。B项“经济地位更高的人更诚信”，第四段前半部分没有提及有经济地位的人的诚信情况，故排除。C项“钱包里放的钱越多，我们就越能了解人们的诚信”，根据破折号后面的“至少是当提到钱包和零用钱的时候”，可知前半句说的不只是钱包，而是一个比钱包更大的类别，故C项内容放在此处无法使.上下文连贯。D项“诱惑越大，人越诚信”，指出了“钱包里的钱”与“人的诚信”的关系，且能概括出第四段前半部分的中心思想，符合文意。故本题选D。
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