首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
admin
2014-11-27
41
问题
Definitions of Obesity
A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person’ s height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person’s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person’ s physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman’s menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H)Research published by St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman’s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.
M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
Obesity would affect a person’ s emotional well-being.
选项
答案
D
解析
信息明示题。题干:肥胖会影响一个人的心理健康。题干关键词emotional well-being。文中D段第三句提到,肥胖对人的身体、社会和心理健康有重要影响。与题干意思吻合,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/Zu9FFFFM
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
HealthworkerswhoareHIVpositivearebannedfromperformingmostsurgeryordentaltreatmentincasetheycutthemselveswith
HealthworkerswhoareHIVpositivearebannedfromperformingmostsurgeryordentaltreatmentincasetheycutthemselveswith
A、InEurope.B、InAmerica.C、InAfrica.D、InAsia.A信息明示题。短文最后提到CharlieParker去过欧洲三次,在那里录制了他曾经制作过的几乎一半的专辑。
A、AgroupofDNA.B、Abiochemicalreaction.C、Asingleprotein.D、Abuildingstructure.A事实细节题。女士问男士什么是基因,男士说总体来讲,基因是一组DNA,这些DNA
Internethaslongbeenthefocusofresearch.Recently,alargestudy【C1】_____thatotherwisehealthyteenagersaremuchmore【C2】
A、Degreesineconomics.B、Addedeffort.C、Medicalschools.D、Lawschools.A综合推断题。短文中提到.经济学学位非常受欢迎,因为它能让毕业生获得高薪且不需像医学院或法学院的学生那样付出
FrequentbusinesstravelerJoyceGioiaforgotmorethan$20000worthofjewelryinherhotelroominItalylastyear.Luckily
A、Bytelephone.B、Bymeansofquestionnaire.C、Byletter.D、Bye-mail.A信息明示题。短文中明确提到,盖洛普咨询公司于2008年以电话方式对34万多成年人进行了调查。
A、Itusuallyrequiresananalysisoffinancialdemand.B、Itiscomposedofresearchandgraduatetypes.C、Itsamountrangesfrom
Amidasummerofrecord-settingheat,anewsurveyfindsthatmostofGenerationX’s(20世纪60年代到70年代初出生的美国人)youngandmiddle-agea
随机试题
保本基金的主要特点包括( )。
有关资产评估报告,下列说法中不正确的是()。
法约尔的统一领导原则是指组织内每一个人只能服从一个上级并接受他的命令。()
噤口痢的临床表现有
甲男有妻,却与乙女结婚,下列哪些人可以作为宣告甲乙婚姻无效的请求权人?()
GPS控制网数据平差计算和转换中的主要工作包括()。
根据《环境影响评价技术导则一总纲》,关于公众参与的要求、对象、形式,下列说法错误的是()。
有志矣,不随以止也,______,______。(王安石《游褒禅山记》)
德育过程的结构由教育者、受教育者、德育内容和_________四个要素构成。
ManyofCarsonMcCuller’scharactersareisolated,disappointedpeople.
最新回复
(
0
)