2. 外语
  3. In modern days, on the western bank of the upper Tigris River stands an Iraqi city called Qal’at Sherqat. Thousands of years ago

In modern days, on the western bank of the upper Tigris River stands an Iraqi city called Qal’at Sherqat. Thousands of years ago

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问题     In modern days, on the western bank of the upper Tigris River stands an Iraqi city called Qal’at Sherqat. Thousands of years ago, this very site was once the capital of a great Mesopotamian empire. At the time, the place had a different name. It was called Ashur or Assur. The word Ashur eventually gave rise to the team Assyria, which was the northern part of Mesopotamia. People living in that region later became known as the Assyrians.
    Historians often divide the long history of Assyria into three periods even though they cannot reach a consensus over the exact dates of each era. The three periods was the Old Assyrian Period (circa 2000 B.C.—1400 B.C.), the Middle Assyrian Period (circa 1365 B.C.—1100 B.C.) and the Neo-Assyrian Empire (circa 934 B.C.—609 B.C.).
    Archaeological evidence showed that people began to settle in Ashur as early as 2500 B.C. But it did not attain any political significance until the third dynasty of Ur collapsed in 2004 B.C. After that fiasco, the Assyrian transformed the Ashur into a bustling commercial center, controlling trade routes to and from Anatolia. In 1813 B.C., the first great Assyrian king, Shamshi-Adad I, ascended the throne and began a series of military expansions. At the height of his reign, his kingdom owned the entire northern Mesopotamia. Its growing influence gave its neighbors plenty of reasons to be wary. While things were going splendidly for this Assyrian upstart, Shamshi-Adad passed away in 1791 B.C. Soon after his death, the kingdom began to fall apart. Knowing that the Shamshi-Adad’s empire was on the verge of collapse, Hammurabi of the 1st dynasty of Babylon jumped at the chance and invaded the northern Mesopotami. He conquered Ashur in 1760 B.C. From that point on to the middle of 1300s B.C., Assyria was reduced to a mere vassal state. At first, it had to answer to the 1st dynasty of Babylon. After that empire was eradicated, it turned to submit to a Hurrian kingdom called Mitanni. It was not until 1365 B.C. that Assayria, then ruled by Ashur-Uballit I, was able to regain its independence. For the next couple hundred years, Assyria grew increasingly powerful. It eventually defeated Babylonia and even occupied Egypt.
It was during the reign of Shamshi-Adad I, the first great Assyrian king, that the Assyrians ______.
选项 A、began to expand their empire with military forces
B、began to open new trade routes
C、began to encourage commercial activities
D、began to establish diplomatic relations with other countries
答案A
解析 通过阅读文章，文中第3段第3句中提到“第一位伟大的亚述国王，沙姆什·阿达德一世登上了王位，并开始了一系列的军事扩张”。可知，A选项为此句的同义转换，因此，本题选A。
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