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  3. Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from landfills, ga

Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from landfills, ga

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问题     Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from landfills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.
    But citizens didn’t remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968.More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.
    In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.
    In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide.
    Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1, 400 people attended the four-day gathering.
    "We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, planners, policy analysts and government officials. We proved to the world that our movement is alive and well, and growing, " says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show powerful environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites.
In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis to help the garbage workers________.
选项 A、get relieved of some of their basic duties
B、know what environmental justice was
C、fight for better working conditions
D、recognize their dangerous surroundings
答案C
解析 根据题干关键词Memphis定位到第2段最后一句，该句提到马丁.路德.金先生去孟菲斯是为了seeking support for striking garbage workers “要为罢工的环卫工人寻求保障”，而寻求保障是因为他们工作环境恶劣且工资低，因此C项“(帮助环卫工人)获得更好的工作环境”符合语义。A项“免除一些基本工作职责”，原文是说“由于其工作职责所在，(环卫工人)不得不接触一些危险的环境”，因此A项与原文表述不符。B项“了解‘环境正义’这个概念”和D项“了解他们危险的周围环境”在原文中均未被提及，可直接排除。
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