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  3. Overall, the WAI Web site was well received by the study participants. They described the Web site as "essential" to their web d

Overall, the WAI Web site was well received by the study participants. They described the Web site as "essential" to their web d

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问题     Overall, the WAI Web site was well received by the study participants. They described the Web site as "essential" to their web development work and stated that they considered the Web site to be "the authority" for web development concerns. Participants uniformly stated that they currently used and would continue to use the WAI Web site in their professional work.
    However, despite their enthusiasm for the Web site and the importance of Web accessibility information to their use, we observed the majority of Web site users struggling to match the Web site’s cognitive model with their own, struggling to interpret nomenclature, to locate information, to find information a second time, and most importantly, we observed them experiencing navigational difficulties that appeared to have a significant impact on their ability to harness the Web site’s capabilities.
    Fortunately, many of the nomenclature, navigation, visual design, and cognitive model difficulties we observed the study participants encountering may be easily addressed. In the sections that follow, we describe our observations and some key findings:
    【B16】 Finding 1: Participants uniformly stated that the Web site was "overwhelming" and that using it was "like walking into a fire hose."
    Perhaps the most significant finding of the WAI Web site usability test was the observation that the Web site users consistently stated that they were overwhelmed by too much information available to them. They stated that the WAI developers "had not parsed" the information for users, hadn’t provided adequate "information and technique summaries" and asserted that using the WAI Web site was like "walking into a fire-hose."
    【B17】 Finding 2: Participants expected the Web site to be organized in a manner that supported task-based information seeking.
    During the usability test we observed a clear discrepancy between the participants’ needs and the manner in which information was organized on the WAI Web site. Participants uniformly stated that their primary reason for coming to the WAI Web site was to locate specific, task-based information.
    【B18】  Finding 3: The distinction between, and the relationship among, guidelines, checkpoints, checklists and techniques were universally unclear to the participants.
    【B19】  Finding 4: Participants’ ability to locate task-specific information was significantly hindered by the "front matter" at the start (and close) of the guidelines documents, the checklist, and techniques documents.
    Participants consistently expressed negative reactions to the organization of WAI Web-based documents. In particular we observed that the initial sections of WAI guidelines, techniques, and checklist documents, (typically featuring the document’s development status and history), were a significant barrier to participants’ ability to identify the relevance of the document, comprehend its content, and to navigate within the document.
    【B20】 Finding 5: Participants stated that the WAI Web site lacked both "Getting Started" overviews and specific coding techniques.
    The usability test participants stated that they primarily expected (and needed) two types of content from the WAI Web site: 1) a "Getting Started-style" overview of Web accessibility and 2) "practical coding tips and tricks for creating accessible Web sites." They felt that the inclusion of Getting Started information would help orient them to an overall picture involved in Web accessibility and that detailed introductions for, and examples of, implementation techniques would support their ability to implement "good Web accessibility."
    Finding 6: Participants stated that the WAI Web site was "essential."
    It is worth noting that, while participants experienced significant difficulties navigating the WAI Web site, and significant difficulty locating the technique information they prized most, they uniformly stated that the WAI Web site contained "helpful and essential" information, and that they greatly "appreciated" its content. Their negative comments about the WAI Web site largely centered on its overall complexity and lack of information architecture and visual style consistencies. While they stated that they would like a "simpler, more efficient" Web site, they uniformly valued WAI’s information and linked it directly with their ability to meet professional Web development demands.
    A ) Participants uniformly stated that whenever they attempted to read a WAI document, they had to first, in one participant’s words: "scroll past a ton of irrelevant information about who wrote the document, why, when it was written, and when it was modified." Participants stated that they believed this information "must be of value to someone" but that it "interfered" with their ability to locate "the important information."
    B ) Few participants achieved an adequate level of understanding, and nearly every participant made mention of the Web site’s ability to communicate this information as "insufficient." This method of organizing the information struck participants as "all about WAI Web site and not about the information." Other participants noted as "confusing" and "arcane."
    C ) For example, when we asked participants to use the WAI Web site to locate information about making online forms accessible, they stated that this task represented "exactly the type of question" that they would visit the WAI Web site to answer. With a task in hand that was highly-reflective of their needs, participants "dove in" to the WAI Web site with enthusiasm. They stated that they expected to be able to easily locate a single, authoritative, techniques-based set of information pertaining to making online forms accessible, in part because "this is a huge topic and very important." As they searched they envisioned a "Frequently Asked Questions-like format that would provide a simple, detailed answer to the question:’How do I make online forms accessible?’"
    D ) Participants uniformly stated that the WAI Web site information that was most relevant to their work was always "hidden." They described the process of using "the Web site" as: "you go to the page, scroll down, scroll down, scroll down, about four or five screens, past all the useless stuff’, and then you get to the good stuff. Which is great. But it’s always in the middle part of a really, really, really long page."
    E) A significant portion of the information present on the WAI Web site appeared to fall into a "middle" area: neither general enough to provide a thorough overview of the issues pertinent to Web accessibility, nor specific enough to be useful to the participants, largely because they had significant difficulty locating information about specific techniques.
    F ) The WAI Web site provided no unified source of form-related accessibility techniques, and the techniques themselves were a sub-sub-set of the WAI guidelines documents. The manner in which this information is presented on the WAI Web site simply didn’t match the participants’ expectation of how this information should be organized, or how easily it should be able to be located. In the words of one participant: "What should be on the top is on the bottom, and what should be on the bottom is on the top."
【B16】
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答案D
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