Losing weight is easier when there is money on the line, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday. They said weight-loss programs that

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问题     Losing weight is easier when there is money on the line, U.S.
researchers said on Tuesday. They said weight-loss programs that
award people with money—and remind them of the cash they【M1】______
stand to lose if they fail—provided with a powerful incentive to【M2】______
lose weight compared with more conventional approaches. Dr.
Kevin Volpp of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
was looking for an effective way to treat obese, a growing problem【M3】______
that carries serious health risks. He said many weight-loss
programs fail before people are being asked to make sacrifices【M4】______
now.
    Volpp and colleagues studied two kinds of incentive programs
for weight loss. One was a lottery-based design in which
participants played a lottery and were allowed to collect their
winnings if they met their weight-loss target. The other was a
deposit contract, in which participants invested small amount of【M5】______
their own money which they would lose at the end of the month if
they succeeded to reach their goals. People in this group also got a【M6】______
bonus if they met their goal.
    The researchers resigned 57 obese but otherwise healthy【M7】______
people to one of these two groups or a control group, in which
people were simply weighed at the end of each month. All were
aimed to lose 7.26 kg by the end of four months. People in the【M8】______
incentive groups lost far more weight than that who got no pay for【M9】______
their efforts, with about half of the participants in each group meet【M10】______
their weight loss goals.
【M4】

选项

答案before—because

解析 语篇错误。本句前半部分说“他认为很多减肥方案失败”,后半部分说“减肥者被要求为了将来的回报而在当下做出牺牲”.从句子之间的逻辑关系来判断,此处不是强调两个动作发生的先后顺序,而是前果后因,后半句是对前半句的解释,故用because。
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