首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Hydropower Renewable—constant source (31) from natural
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Hydropower Renewable—constant source (31) from natural
admin
2012-01-16
26
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Hydropower
Renewable—constant source (31) from natural hydrologic cyde
(32) —90% of hydro energy→electricity
Clean—no air or (33) pollution
(34) & curable—simple to operate
Flexible—can start
adapt quickly to meet demand→leads to (35) of power supply.
Welcome to our series on renewable resources. The topic today is hydropower. As you most probably know, ’hydro’ means water—so we are talking about using water to generate electricity. Of course, there are many ways to generate electricity but hydropower is important to the community, firstly and obviously, because it’s renewable. The earth’s hydrologic cycle of constant evaporation and transpiration provides a continual supply of water from rainfall and snowmelt. The second point to consider is its efficiency. Hydropower plants are able to convert approximately 90% of the energy from the falling water into electric energy whereas many fossil-fuelled plants lose more than half of the energy content of their fuel by way of waste heat and gases. For this reason they are very efficient.
Hydropower is also clean. It doesn’t emit harmful gases that contribute to air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. No trucks, trains or pipelines are needed to bring fuel to the site and there’s no noise pollution either. Furthermore, hydropower plant machinery is fairly simple and runs at slow speeds, which makes it reliable and durable. And, hydropower units are flexible also—they have the ability to start quickly and adjust rapidly to changes in demand for electricity, thus enabling them to meet peak loads. But this also allows them to serve as reserve capacity and bring more stability to the power system overall.
The dams that provide hydroelectric power also have other uses such as navigation, flood damage reduction, water supply, recreation, irrigation and low flow augmentation but it’s not the purpose of this talk to go into those details.
How do the hydropower plants work? Well, a dam is built across a river which captures water to form a reservoir and raises the water level to create ’head’. Think of ’head’ as the vertical distance that the water falls as it passes through the dam, in other words, the difference in water level between the reservoir behind the dam and the river below. Water from the reservoir flows through an intake gate into a penstock—this is kind of a narrow channel which leads to the turbine below. The force of the water causes the turbine to rotate rapidly which, in turn, drives the generator to spin and produce electricity. The electricity is carried the long distances from the powerhouse to substations on the outskirts of cities via power lines.
Can you build a hydropower unit on any river? Well, no, just having water in a river isn’t enough. A good dam site must have enough stream flow as well as enough head. A fast flowing river on the plains is probably not suitable because a dam couldn’t be built high enough to provide the head needed for efficient production of electricity. On the other hand, dams in arid high country may have plenty of head but insufficient stream flow. The perfect spot for a hydropower plant is where the right combination of stream flow and head exists.
What about the environment? Surely the construction of large dams has an environmental impact? Well, yes it does. Certainly dams and reservoirs are built to improve the lives of people living in towns, farming communities and cities. But there must be a balance between development and preserving the natural environment. Needless to say, the natural river environment is changed which leads to changes in river ecology and aquatic habitat. Sometimes, for example, dissolved oxygen levels below dams get so low in summer that there is a negative impact on aquatic life. These levels can be improved, however, by using special aerating turbines and/or injecting oxygen directly into the stream flow. In order to protect and improve the habitat for endangered and other species of birds, fish and water life, there needs to be a thorough review of operating plans to see if a better balance can be achieved.
Hydropower plant design and operation must not only meet the needs of consumers for electricity but work hand-in-hand with agencies whose concern is for the fish and wildlife, water quality and water supply.
选项
答案
stability
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/NWtYFFFM
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Late-eighteenth-centuryEnglishculturalauthoritiesseeminglyconcurredthatwomenreadersshouldfavorhistory,seenasedifyi
Naturalcausesnervestodieoffandmusclestoweaken,butregularexercisemuscleenlargesfibersandcan________thedecline
Abird’splumage,whilecontributingtostructuralintegrityandparticipatinginaeriallocomotion,completelyobscuresabird’
Theresearchfoundthatinassessingothers,manypeopleholdanunconsciousviewthatcompetenceandwarmthare(i)________:w
Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they____theissueofhowtofinancethe
Theprevailingunionofpassionateinterestindetailedfactswithequaldevotiontoabstract(i)______isahallmarkofourpre
RalphEllisonwaspassionatelyinterestedinthevisualarts.HeimmersedhimselfinHarlem’sartsceneinthe1930s,evenappre
FollowingtheUnitedStatesCivilWar(1861-1865),manyformerslavesintheruralSouthbecamesharecroppers(raisingalandlor
Becausedifferentmammalianspeciesfavordifferentenvironments,identifyingandcountingbonesfromprehistoricdepositsinca
ladder(s)本题询问该粉刷工的缺点。录音原文中指出粉刷工Harry年龄大(oldnow),因此不能从事需要使用较高的梯子的工作(avoids…tallladders)。录音中的avoids是题目prefernottouse的同义替换,故空格
随机试题
重度医院获得性肺炎,首选抗菌药物为
患肢可抬离床面,但是不能对抗阻力,其肌力为
A.定时服B.睡前服C.饭前服D.饭后服E.空腹服
防止病人坠床,最佳措施是
丁公司是否有权收购本公司股份?为什么?本案例中丁公司收购本公司股份的行为有哪些不符合法律规定之处?法院是否应当支持杨某的主张?为什么?
根据设计要求和规范规定进行试验,记录原始数据和计算结果,并得出试验结论的资料统称为( )。
完善的核算软件能够实现()。
简述我国民法中合同终止的情形。
多媒体技术:指利用计算机将各种媒体(包括文本、图形、声音、动画和视频等)以数字化的方式集成在一起,从而使计算机具有表现、处理、存储多种媒体信息的综合能力。多媒体的特征即信息表现形式的多样化,常见的有文本、图形、图像、声音和视频等多种形式。根据定义,
Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortellsusthatAsiaticlions______Whatimpressedtheauthormostwhenhewenttowatchthe
最新回复
(
0
)