2. 外语
  3. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

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问题     Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
    No man ever looks at the world with pristine (未受外界影响的) eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes (固定的模式); his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure (这种比喻) becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?
选项 A、An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.
B、Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people.
C、An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.
D、Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual.
答案A
解析 本题是一道根据具体细节判断是非题。问按照约翰·杜威的观点，以下哪个说法是正确的。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章的第二段第四句话中找到相关的信息。这句话及其上下文指出，约翰·杜威曾经非常严肃地说过：风俗对个人行为的影响与个人对传统风俗的影响，就像母语对婴儿期语言的影响与婴儿时期讲的词汇对整个母语词汇的影响一样。我们知道婴儿时期用的词汇对于整个母语词汇来说只是沧海一粟。同样，个人行为对传统风俗是不能产生太大影响的。因此，本题的正确答案应是选择项A“个人对其所生来具有的文化风俗几乎没有什么影响”。
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