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  3. Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: th

Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: th

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问题     Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U. S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U. S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $ 190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U. S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step is necessary to " promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations". It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November’s mid-term elections.
    Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $ 14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. It’s not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Uganda’s Minister of Finance. "What we want is for the rich countries to let us complete. "
    Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This is no pie-in-the-sky speculation. The biggest success in Kenya’s economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the " least-developed country" status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: American’s African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proven a boon to Africa’s manufacturers. The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go.
    This is what makes Bush’s decision to increase farm subsidies last month all the more depressing. Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles. Rich countries assured poor countries, that their concerns were finally being addressed. Bush’s Handout last month makes a lie of America’s commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.
By comparison, farmers______receive more government subsidies than others.
选项 A、in the developing world
B、in Japan
C、in Europe
D、in America
答案C
解析 本题为细节题。短文第一段中说：“Farmers in Europe，the U．S．and Japan are luckier：they receivemassive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts．”即欧洲、美国及日本的农民更幸运些，他们接受了大量的政府补贴，如有保障的价格或者直接的救济。可见欧洲位于首位。后文又有“…pushes U．S．agricultural support close to crazy European levels．”指的是新农业议案使得美国的农业资助接近于疯狂的欧洲水平，说明欧洲的农民接受政府补贴最多。
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