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  3. While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It i

While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It i

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问题     While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society.
    Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or the so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.
    As a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or require, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.
It is known from the first paragraph that
选项 A、fashion operates in every society.
B、fashion is found only in a few fields of group life.
C、fashion originates in a class society.
D、people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society.
答案C
解析 从第一段我们可知，[A]时尚在每一个社会中都发生作用。[B]时尚只存在于群体生活的少数几个领域中。[C]时尚源于阶级社会。[D]在原始社会里，人们喜欢追随时尚。根据文章第一段最后一句话，时尚发生作用需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它不会在一个像原始部落那样的同类社会或种性社会里出现。因此[C]符合这个意思，为正确答案。而[A]和[D]不符合这个意思；根据另一句：它可以在群体生活的任何一个领域发生作用，可知[B]不对。
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