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  3. During times of great crisis, human beings typically turn to one of two strategies: fight or flight. There is, however, a third

During times of great crisis, human beings typically turn to one of two strategies: fight or flight. There is, however, a third

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问题     During times of great crisis, human beings typically turn to one of two strategies: fight or flight. There is, however, a third strategy: learning and deep change.  It is based on the principle that all events, especially the most tragic, are ripe with opportunities for learning.
    The September 11 terrorists demonstrated expertise (专门技术) in systems theory. They knew that complex systems always have two sides.  One is creative and allows for great Speed and efficiency (for example, civil aviation aircraft and high-rise office towers). The other is potentially destructive and can generate major catastrophes( using civil aviation against the high-rise target).
    All of our current complex systems, including information systems, biotechnology, air travel, nuclear power, and the mail system, have these two major characteristics. All are susceptible (易受影响的) to organizational error (the Challenger tragedy) , human error (Chernobyl) , and terrorism (Oklahoma City). Yet terrorism is the darkest and most dangerous side of our complexity.
    In the case of the World Trade Center, terrorists deliberately exploited the "destructive side" of aircraft and highly populated office towers.  If one simply joins hijacking with car bombing, and magnifies their effects, then September 11 is the result.
    The lesson we must learn from September 11 is that our management practices, private and public, are one-dimensional. Whether it is with regard to civil aviation safety or real estate, our world is dominated by concerns about profitability. These constrain us from implementing needed and proven safety procedures in aviation and high-rise office design. The focus on profitability also pushes our systems to grow unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.
    Approximately 76% of the criteria used to measure organizational efficiency are financial. Only 24% consider nonfinancial indicators such as health, safety, or the global impact that organizations have on communities and the world in general. Devoting more of our attention to nonfinancial indicators can help us develop new strategies to match the complexity of fighting terrorism. The fields of risk and crisis management already use some of these strategies.
The September 11 terrorist attack is an example of ______.
选项 A、the creative side of systems theory
B、the destructive side of systems theory
C、the organizational side of systems theory
D、the sensational side of systems theory
答案B
解析 细节理解题。本题要求考生判断出9．11恐怖袭击是“the systems theory”(系统控制论)的创造性的例证，还是破坏性的例证。根据文章第二、四两段，答案应为后者。
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