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  3. What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and

What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and

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问题     What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
    Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
    Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
    Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. "
    A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
    In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
    Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process.... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. "
    This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "
    When all these shaping forces—schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking—interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.
Questions:
It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics______.
选项 A、benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge
B、shed light on disciplined school management
C、was brought about by privileged home training
D、owed a lot to the technological development
答案A
解析 第2题问本文暗示了早期美国技工的适应能力和创造性怎么样。此题为一道具体细节题，可以利用查阅式阅读法。我们很快就可以在文章的第三段和第四段中找到与本题的正确答案相关的内容。该文第三段指出，美国早期的技工大都有文化，且熟悉算术、几何和三角的某些方面的知识。而第四段又提到美国人的适应能力和创造性与这种教育优势相关。我们可以根据上下文推断出这种教育优势应是指小学教育优势，而美国早期技工在小学对算术、几何和三角的某些方面的知识就很熟悉。由此可以判断出这些技工对数学都很熟悉，这与选项A，“从他们的数学知识中大量受益”刚好相符。所以，本题的正确答案应选A。
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