首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically" proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have
A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically" proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have
admin
2011-02-25
76
问题
A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically" proved" by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. (46)
Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society.
The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist(维持生活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any" reason". (47)
I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time. let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.
This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. (48)
This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature ; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
(49)
However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer.
If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. (50)
Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it ; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.
But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees; its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
选项
答案
这种假设是依据这样一种谬论:人的天性中就存在遗传惰性。而实际上,除了特别懒惰的人以外,几乎没有人愿意只挣相当于最低生活维持费的钱,也没有人愿意饱食终日,无所事事。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/H07RFFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutunknownknowledgeonAIDS.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthel
Youhearagreatmanycomplaintstodayabouttheexcessivesecurityconsciousnessofouryoungpeople.Mycomplaintisthe(1)__
Moreandmoreresidences,businesses,andevengovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestotakemessagesorgi
Recentlegalresearchindicatedthatincorrectidentificationisamajorfactorinmanymiscarriagesofjustice.Italsosuggest
Recentlegalresearchindicatedthatincorrectidentificationisamajorfactorinmanymiscarriagesofjustice.Italsosuggest
Recentlegalresearchindicatedthatincorrectidentificationisamajorfactorinmanymiscarriagesofjustice.Italsosuggest
Intheearly1800s,groupsofEnglishworkerswreckedmachinesthattheyfeltthreatenedtheirjobs.(46)Theywerecalled"Luddi
Intheearly1800s,groupsofEnglishworkerswreckedmachinesthattheyfeltthreatenedtheirjobs.(46)Theywerecalled"Luddi
ManyparentswhowelcometheideaofturningofftheTVandspendingmoretimewiththefamilyarestillworriedthatwithoutTV
BothJeffandTomagreethatThebiggestproblemmediaexecutivesarefacingnowadaysis
随机试题
行政合同与其他合同比,有以下特征()。
Itwouldbe______togetasecondopinionbeforetakinganyfurtheraction.
孕1产0,足月临产12小时,宫口开大6cm,产程缓慢,胎心140次/分,胎头矢状缝与坐骨棘间径一致,枕骨在母体右侧,s+1。处理措施应首选
肯氏第三类缺矢者,为了加大缺隙远中基牙的远中倒凹,以便设计一型卡环,需将模型
下列不属于霍乱患者泻吐期临床特点的是
下面是对《论语》《左传》《国语》《战国策》四部历史著作的表述,错误的是:
对一批编号为1—100,全部开关朝上(开)的灯进行以下操作:凡是1的倍数反方向拨一次开关;2的倍数反方向又拨一次开关;3的倍数反方向又拨一次开关。问:最后为关熄状态的灯有多少盏?
社会主义核心价值体系的精髓指的是
求函数y=的反函数.
一个含有n个顶点和e条边的简单无向图,在其邻接矩阵存储结构中共有(31)个0元素。
最新回复
(
0
)