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  3. Disruptive labor market changes will result in a loss of more than 5.1 million jobs from 2015 to 2020, according to a latest rep

Disruptive labor market changes will result in a loss of more than 5.1 million jobs from 2015 to 2020, according to a latest rep

admin2022-09-05  63
问题     Disruptive labor market changes will result in a loss of more than 5.1 million jobs from 2015 to 2020, according to a latest report by World Economic Forum (WEF).
    The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes developments in fields such as artificial intelligence and machine-learning, robotics, nanotechnology, 3D printing, and genetics and biotechnology, will cause widespread disruption not only to business models but also to labor markets over the next five years, according to the report, The Future of Jobs, published Monday by the WEF.
    This trend will lead to a loss of more than 5 million jobs in 15 major developed and emerging economies, said the report.
    The report predicts that in the next five years there will be a total loss of 7.1 million jobs—two thirds of which are concentrated in routine white collar office functions, such as office and administrative roles—and a total gain of 2 million jobs, in computer and mathematical and Architecture and Engineering related fields.
    "In its scale, scope, and complexity, the transformation will be unlike anything humankind has experienced before," wrote Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of WEF in his latest article called The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond.
    Compared with previous industrial revolutions, the Fourth is evolving at an exponential rather than a linear pace, said Schwab. Moreover, it is disrupting almost every industry in every country. And the breadth and depth of these changes herald the transformation of entire systems of production, management, and governance.
    According to a latest international survey, four out of ten young people around the world worry that robot will replace them in the future workforce due to rapid development of technology.
    Commissioned by Indian business and software services firm Infosys, the study surveyed around 1,000 16- to 25-year-olds in Australia, Brazil, Britain, China, France, Germany, India and the United States, as well as South Africa, where a smaller sample of 700 was polled. Young people in developed economies are more worried about their future jobs.
    Nearly 80 percent of interviewees think that it is a must to keep learning in order to gain competitiveness ahead of rapid development of technology.
    Globally, while almost two-thirds of those queried said they felt positive about their job prospects, those in developing economies were far more optimistic than their peers in developed markets. In India, 60 per cent said they think they have the skills needed for their careers, just a quarter were similarly optimistic in France, the poll found.
选项
答案 世界经济论坛(WEF)最近公布的报告显示，2015至2020年，劳动力市场将经历颠覆性变化，进而导致510多万工作岗位不复存在。 第四次工业革命涉及人工智能、机器学习、机器人技术、纳米科技、3D打印技术、遗传学和生物科技等诸多领域的发展。根据世界经济论坛周一发布的名为《就业前景》的报告，在未来五年中，第四次工业革命将对现有商业模式和劳动力市场产生广泛的破坏性影响。 该报告还显示，该趋势将致使15个主要发达经济体和新兴经济体中500多万工作岗位最终消失。 报告中预测称，在未来五年中，总共将有710万工作岗位不复存在，其中三分之二集中在白领和文员等日常岗位，如办公室和行政部门相关岗位；同时，也将新增2007个工作岗位，主要涉及计算机、数学、建筑和工程相关领域。世界经济论坛创始人兼执行主席施瓦部在其最新发表的文章《第四次工业革命：影响及应对》 (The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond)中写道，“无论是规模、触及范围还是复杂程度，这次变革都将不同于人类之前所经历的任何一次变革”。 施瓦部表示，与先前几次工业革命相比，第四次工业革命呈指数级速度发展，而非线性发展。另外，本次革命几乎影响到各个国家，各个行业，范围至广，影响至深，意味着生产、管理及管控的整个系统将经历变革。 根据最新的一项国际性调查显示，由于科技发展迅猛，全世界有十分之四的年轻人担心有朝一日自己的工作会被机器人取代。 该研究受印度商业和软件服务公司印孚瑟斯(Infosys)委托。在澳大利亚、巴西、英国、中国、法国、德国、印度、美国以及南非对约1000名16到25岁的年轻人进行调查，共采集700份有效样本。研究发现，发达经济体中的年轻人更担忧自己未来的工作。近80％的受访者认为，面对科技的快速发展，必须不断学习才能确保个人的竞争力。 全球范围内，近三分之二的受访者对工作前景持乐观态度；不过，与发达经济体中的年轻人相比，发展中经济体中的年轻人明显更为乐观。调查还发现，在印度，60％的受访者认为自己掌握了所从事职业所需的各项技能，而在法国，只有四分之一的受访者对该问题表达同样的乐观态度。
解析     选文来自路透新闻网，属于新闻文体。导语部分文字简洁，表意清晰。正文部分开门见山，告知读者何谓第四次工业革命，并基于相关报告指出第四次工业革命可能带来的巨大影响，以及第四次工业革命可能造成发达国家和发展中国家失业人口激增的问题。通过援引专业人士的观点，指出第四次工业革命在规模、复杂程度、发展速度等方面的特征。通过相关调查报告，文章指出不同国家的人们对这一次革命所持有的态度。全文逻辑清晰，用词简洁，过渡衔接使用得当。从翻译角度而言，对译者借助原文内部衔接推测词义和选词的能力有较高要求。
    第一段导语部分考查新闻导语的翻译，同时，disruptive一词需要结合下文第二段disruption以及第六段disrupting选择具体词义，考查选词和篇章处理能力。
    第二段仅包含一个长句，涉及并列名词、定语从句、not only…but also句式结构处理的考查。另外，本段还涉及时代背景知识的考查。
    第三段中economy一词考查对常见词汇不同义项的掌握能力。
    第四段也是一个长句。句子总体结构为宾语从句，句中套有there be句型、such as句型、定语从句、插入语部分。句子整体信息复杂，需要译者认真分析，重构信息。另外，本段中concentrate一词也需要译者结合上下文，以确定具体词义。
    第五段句子相对简单，整体难度适中，但也存在对抽象名词意义的判断，如complexity，transformation等。值得一提的是，此段信息显然通过词汇衔接的手段，通过the transformation这一表达与先前的revolution，以及下文中的the transformation of entire systems…相互对应，形成有机的整体。
    第六段和第七段中主要考查词义选择，如exponential，linear，herald，workforce等词语需要译者结合上下文做出具体选择。
    第八段的第一个句子较长，包含关系从句和过去分词结构，需要译者对信息进行重新组合。
    第九段和第十段考查词语意义的推断和选择的能力，涉及名词、过去分词、含有抽象意义的名词、形容词等。
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