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  3. NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way, to practise for a real one. The “tabletop exercise” will allow the

NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way, to practise for a real one. The “tabletop exercise” will allow the

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问题     NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way, to practise for a real one.
    The “tabletop exercise” will allow the space agency and the other government organizations that will be tasked with responding to such an event to simulate their response, ahead of the possibility of a real example.
    The scenario will see a very realistic but nonetheless fictional disaster, in which an asteroid will be headed for Earth. The scenario has been developed by one of the NASA organisations tasked with studying such near-earth objects, or NEOs.
    It will bring together not just NASA but other international organisations to test out their response. Such exercises are used across the disaster response sector to ensure that the real responses are as fast and effective as possible.
    “These exercises have really helped us in the planetary defense community to understand what our colleagues on the disaster management side need to know,” said Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer. “This exercise will help us develop more effective communications with each other and with our governments.”
    NASA and other organisations have spent more than 20 years scanning the skies for NEOs, looking for asteroids and comets that come within 30 million miles of Earth s orbit. Groups such as NASA s Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) as well as the European Space Agency s Space Situational Awareness-NEO Segment and the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) have been working to better communicate the danger that such objects pose to Earth.
    There is no strict script in such an exercise. Instead, it will be used to test out how NEO observers, space agency officials, emergency managers, decision makers and citizens would respond to the threat of an impact.
    Those taking part will discuss possible preparations: how they would explore the asteroid, work out the best ways of deflecting it and dealing with its impact effects.
    NASA has already participated in such exercises, working on some with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Those exercises brought representatives from a variety of different federal agencies, including the departments of Defense and State.
    Previous exercises showed that the focus of emergency management officials was not on scientific details. Instead, they just want to know when, where and how an asteroid will hit the Earth, as well as what sort of damage is done, according to FEMA.
    NASA continues to work on that science, however, in an attempt to better improve humanity s ability to predict the exact location and effects of any impact.
    “NASA and FEMA will continue to conduct periodic exercises with a continually widening community of US government agencies and international partners,” said Leviticus Lewis of the Response Operations Division for FEMA.“They are a great way for us to learn how to work together and meet each others needs and the objectives laid out in the White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan.”
选项
答案 美国宇航局打算开展一场旨在模拟小行星来袭的灾难应急演习。 在这次“桌面演习”中，航空局与其他政府机关将进行一场模拟应急演习，其任务是对类似事件做出响应，以做到有备无患，防微杜渐。 虽然是模拟演习，但虚构的小行星撞击地球的灾难性场景却异常逼真。该场景由美国宇航局管辖的一家专门研究近地物体的机构进行开发。 接受应急演习考验的不止是美国宇航局，还有其他国际机构。如此的演习将普遍用于抗灾部门，确保真枪实弹的应急措施能尽可能迅疾而有效地落到实处。 美国宇航局的行星防御官林德利.约翰逊则表示：“在行星防御领域，这样的演习能够切实有效地帮助负责灾难管理的同事们了解他们想要掌握的内容，有助于我们在彼此之间以及与政府部门之间进行更加有效地沟通。” 二十多年以来，美国宇航局与其他众多机构，一直在扫描天宇中的近地天体，搜寻距离地球轨道3,000万英里范围之内的小行星与彗星。美国宇航局的行星防御协调办公室、欧洲航天局空间态势感知近地天体部门、国际小行星预警网正携手一道努力地改进沟通方式，宣传此类物体对地球造成的危险。 在这类演习中，没有严格的脚本，初衷就是考验观测人员、航空局官员、应急管理人员、决策人员与广大市民对天体撞击威胁的应对方式。 参与人员将共同地探讨可能的防备要务：如何探知小行星，找到使其偏离航向与应对撞击影响的最优方案。 美国宇航局曾参与过此类演习，与联邦应急管理局也举行过合作演习。包括美国国防部与美国国务院部门在内的各个联邦机构均派出代表参与了此类演习。 联邦应急管理局表示，之前的演习表明，应急管理官员的关注重点并非科学细节，相反，只是想了解小行星在何时、何地以及以何种方式撞击地球，以及会产生何等的破坏影响。 不过，美国宇航局将继续开展有关这方面的科研，试图跟好地提高人类精确预知撞击的确切位置与撞击影响的能力。 联邦应急管理局响应行动部的工作人员勒维提克斯.刘易斯表示：“美国宇航局与联邦应急管理局将继续群策群力，与越来越多的美国政府机构和国际伙伴定期展开演习。这是我们学习如何协作，并满足彼此需求，实现白宫国家近地天体防备行动计划目标的最佳手段。”
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