首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In a provocative research paper from a couple of years ago, economist Robert Gordon of North-western University in the USA asked
In a provocative research paper from a couple of years ago, economist Robert Gordon of North-western University in the USA asked
admin
2023-02-22
40
问题
In a provocative research paper from a couple of years ago, economist Robert Gordon of North-western University in the USA asked if economic growth has essentially come to an end. He wondered if the rapid economic and technological growth of the past few centuries might turn out to have been only a temporary thing. Growth of this kind, he noted, is certainly not the norm for human history.【B6】________________
We stand today at the trailing edge of this explosion, and most people expect it to continue, and perhaps even accelerate, propelling us endlessly into a future that we can barely imagine.
An alternative possibility, Gordon suggested, is that the past two hundred years reflected our intellectual expansion into an open domain of relatively easy discoveries.【B7】_______________
Indeed, some evidence suggests that technological advance has slowed down, at least in certain areas. As of 1800, the fastest travel came by way of the horse; it then advanced to the steam train and motorcar, and still later to the airplane and jet aircraft, ultimately reaching speeds of 500 mph in the mid-1950s. Today, speed of travel remains stuck just where it was back then, and has even dropped due to the need to conserve fuel.
【B8】____________________
A team of scientists has recently done this using patent data over more than 200 years, and their analysis suggests that there is something real to the notion that innovation is slowing. The discovery of completely new technologies does seem to be increasingly less frequent.
They find that the resulting record of patents and codes reveals some interesting trends.
【B9】_____________________
As time passes, in other words, it seems that single-technology inventions have become less common, whereas combinatorial invention has become the norm. For the past century at least, we’ve been making inventions faster than new technologies.
The shift to combinatorial innovation also shows up in the comparative growth of the total number of patents, distinct codes and combinations of codes through time. Starting in 1790, all three grew exponentially for the first 80 years, during a period when most new inventions involved a new technology. Things changed abruptly around 1870, when growth in the number of distinct technology codes slowed, falling behind the number of patents and new combinations.
【B10】___________________
Since 1870 the process of invention has been driven almost entirely by combining existing technologies.
[A] We may have already tamed the most basic technologies—chemistry, sanitation, light, electronics and so on—and may face greater difficulties in making new discoveries with comparable impact on hu-man well-being.
[B] All in all, this analysis shows that the introduction of new technologies—currently, and also for quite a while in the recent past—plays a maximal role in fuelling invention.
[C] In other words, the nature of invention changed—people slowed in their invention of new technologies, but turned out new inventions just as quickly as before by putting old technologies together in new ways.
[D] In the nineteenth century, for example, nearly half of all patents were single-code inventions, meaning that inventors achieved their useful ends by exploiting a single, new technology. This proportion steadily decreased over the twentieth century, and currently stands at about 12%.
[E] In this combinatorial era, invention seems to have conformed to a fairly regular law reflecting a balance between exploitation of existing ideas and exploration for new ones.
[F] Before about 1700, humans had lived in pretty much the same way for many thousands of years. Then, abruptly, the transformation of the industrial revolution arrived, bringing waves of change through science and technology.
[G] This is all speculation, of course, as no one can truly see into the future. But it is possible to look back at data about the history of technologies, and of the inventions to which they gave rise, and to chart the pace of innovation over time.
【B6】
选项
答案
F
解析
第一段开头讲经济学家罗伯特.戈登怀疑经济和科技的快速增长只是短暂的现象。空格前罗伯特.戈登指出这种飞速发展在人类历史上并非常态(not the norm)。空格后说现今我们在这一发展的最后阶段(the trailing edge of...),this explosion说明空格处会谈到某种事物的爆发和扩张。F提到工业革命之前和之后这两个时期人类生活和科技发展的情况:在1700年之前长达几千年来人类的生活方式几乎没有任何改变,但1700年后工业革命突然带来了几百年间的变革潮流,促使科技飞速发展。这一现实情况和空格前提到的科技飞速发展并非人类发展史的常态相符。此外,空格后提到的this explosion也能F中找到所指,即工业革命带来的科技变革浪潮(waves of ...technology),故选F。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/3U1iFFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
随机试题
手工钨极氩弧焊对焊件材料表面的清理要求不高,因此使用方便。()
银行向借款人发放一笔10000元的5年期贷款,若年利率为6%,复利计息,则到期后借款人要向银行支付利息多少?
电子邮件地址格式是同定的,其格式为( )。
A.前庭裂B.声门裂C.喉前庭D.声门下腔E.喉中间腔
下列属于心的主要功能的是
材料的软化系数是指()。
甲股份有限公司为一般工业企业,适用的所得税税率为25%,按照资产负债表债务法进行所得税核算。按净利润的10%提取法定盈余公积。假定对于会计差错,税法允许调整应交所得税。该公司在2×15年度发生或发现如下事项:(1)甲公司存在一台于2×12年1月1日起计提
阅读以下文字。完成56~60题。历史的变局,往往隐藏于一些被史书一笔带过的细节中。弓箭是人类最早发明的工具之一,它利用竹、木、牛角和兽筋的弹性,将箭矢投射到远处,以杀伤野兽和敌人。但只有经过多年严格训练才能百步穿杨,洞穿重甲则需要过人的
下边是给定的立体图形,以下哪一项是该立体图形的主视图和俯视图?
简述亲属权的基本内容。
最新回复
(
0
)