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  3. If you’ ve ever started a sentence with, "If I were you..." or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’ s agony over

If you’ ve ever started a sentence with, "If I were you..." or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’ s agony over

admin2021-01-08  27
问题    If you’ ve ever started a sentence with, "If I were you..." or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’ s agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’ s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’ t suffer the same pitfalls.
   The problem is "decision fatigue" , a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
   Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’ s unwise to do so. "Presumably it’ s because it’ s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further," Polman says.
   But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. " By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue," he says. "It’ s as if there’ s something fun and liberating about making someone else’ s choice. "
   Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. " When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状) ," he says. "But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome. "
   In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. "People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something," he says. "That’s not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered. "
   Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’ t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. "Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
What does the example about the physicians illustrate?
选项 A、Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.
B、Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’ health.
C、Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.
D、Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.
答案C
解析 推理题。原文第三段第一句话指出，那些已经工作了好几个小时的医生更有可能给病人开抗生素，即使这样做是不明智的，并且在第二段最后一句提到决策疲劳可能会对决策质量产生负面的影响。由此可知，医生在决策疲劳时开出抗生素的做法是不明智的，换句话说，决策疲劳会阻止人们做出明智的决定，故答案为C。A项原文未提及，故排除。B项与原文不符，原文只提到这样处理简单易行，并未提到抗生素可能对病人有害，故排除。D项推理过度，医生的例子并不是为了说明医生更容易受到决策疲劳的影响，而是决策疲劳会影响人们做出明智的决定，故排除。
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