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  3. Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justice. It also suggest

Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justice. It also suggest

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问题     Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justice. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as (1)_____ as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the (2)_____ of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.
    The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness (3)_____", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held (4)_____ about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is (5)_____ change, it should not be underestimated.
    In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries (6)_____ its reliability. The paper points out that memory is complex, and the reliability of any person’s recall must be assessed (7)_____.
    Both common sense and research say memory (8)_____ over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are (9)_____ their best immediately (10)_____ encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere (11)_____ the original memory, which reduces (12)_____.
    The paper says (13)_____ interviews or media reports can create such (14)_____. "People are particularly susceptible to having their memories (15)_____ when the passage of time allows the original memory to (16)_____, and will be most susceptible if they repeat the (17)_____ as fact."
    Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then (18)_____ it to produce something (19)_____ than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are (20)_____ false."

选项 A、distortions
B、deformations
C、malfunctions
D、malformations
答案A
解析 随后的报道会导致(人的记忆)扭曲，distortions即"扭曲"，其他选项不合文意。deformations意为"外形的损坏、畸形"；malfunctions意为"机能失灵"；malformations意为"变形、畸形"。
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