2. 考研
  3. In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where th

In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where th

admin2009-04-26  47
问题     In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the majority of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1016 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that most of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of cotton industry following boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
    But the question of who actually left the South has never been investigated in detail. Although numerous investigations document a flight from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits", the federal census category roughly including the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be tempted to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
    About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery—blacksmiths, masons, carpenters—which had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries—tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural backgrounds comes into question.
Notes:
boll weevil infestation 棉铃虫蔓延。cessation中止，停止。mason 泥瓦匠。recruiter 招募者。influx流入，涌入。
选项 A、United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930.
B、The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910.
C、The federal census of 1910.
D、Advertisements of labor recruiters appearing in southern newspapers after 1910.
答案C
解析 细节理解题。本题问：作者明确表示，下面哪一记载是她调查的信息源?第2段第3句写道："1910年60多万黑人，或10％的黑人劳工声称他们从事’制造业或机械化职业’，联邦人口普查范围基本上包括了整个工业部门"。可见，1910年联邦人口普查的资料是作者调查的信息来源，
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/pjjRFFFM
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)