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  3. 【61】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it

【61】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it

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问题      【61】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. 【62】 It is not that scales in the one ease, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their con struction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
     You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. 【63】You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws  and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. 【64】And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus ate being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
     There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. 【65】 Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
【61】
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答案科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也是是对一切现象进行思维并给予精确而严谨解释的表达方式。
解析 本句是由分号连接的两个并列句构成。前一个分句结构译为“……是……的表达方式”，那么后一个分句也应采用相同的结构，与前一个分句构成平行。本句中by which引导的定语从句修饰先行词the mode。这个定语从句虽然较长，但翻译时应把这个定语从句译成前置定语，使后一个分句也变成“……是……的表达方式”的结构。
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