2. 考研
  3. In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms ’stimulus’, ’response’ and ’reinforcem

In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms ’stimulus’, ’response’ and ’reinforcem

admin2011-10-20  38
问题     In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms ’stimulus’, ’response’ and ’reinforcement’ were introduced. In an educational setting, these (1)_____ could be defined as follows. When a teacher gives an (2)_____, or sets a problem, or asks a question, the pupil (3)_____ in some way, and the teacher then tells the pupil if he has responded correctly. The teacher’s first action is called the (4)_____. The pupil’s action, carrying out the instruction, or solving the problem, or answering the question, is (5)_____ the response. When the teacher tells the pupil his response is (6)_____, the bond between the stimulus and the response is strengthened and reinforcement is positive. If the response is incorrect, the bond is weakened, and reinforcement is (7)_____
    Some psychologists laid great (8)_____ on the importance of reinforcement for continued learning. They (9)_____ that if a learner is not given information about his responses (feedback) he may not continue to respond. (10)_____, if his homework is not marked regularly, he will stop doing it. If in class, the answers he gives to the teacher’s questions are (11)_____ or brushed aside, he will stop trying to give any.
    Educational psychologists are, (12)_____, moving away from this simple, early (13)_____ of the basic learning process. The effects of feedback, for example, are seen to be more (14)_____ than this description suggests. Feedback does not merely positively or negatively (15)_____ the stimulus-response bond. It may (16)_____ confirm previously learned meanings and associations, correct mistakes, (17)_____ misunderstandings and show how well or badly different parts of the material have been learned. Thus (18)_____ may have the effect of increasing the learner’s confidence, backing up his previously (19)_____ knowledge, and showing him which items he has not (20)_____ grasped.

选项 A、answers
B、responds
C、retorts
D、replies
答案B
解析 语义衔接题。句中后面出现了the teacher then tells the pupil if he has responded correctly，可见前面部分的意思是：老师给出指令、设定难题、提出问题，学生以某种方式来回答。因此这里应该填入respond，与后面的respond属于词汇同现。answer意为"回答"，reply意为"回答"，虽然这两词放在句中也符合句子的语义逻辑关系，但是 respond可指"对刺激的反应"，常是自发的，或是对引发感情流露的行为的反应。因为这里是研究心理学中的刺激、反应及强化，因此用respond更符合上下文语境。retort意为"反驳，回嘴"，本句中没有使用retort这个词的语境。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/of0RFFFM
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)