It happens to every college student. Every professor on campus assigns a paper the same week. Volunteer work and social activiti

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问题     It happens to every college student. Every professor on campus assigns a paper the same week. Volunteer work and social activities fill the calendar. Before long, an assignment is due in the morning, so what else is there to do? Brew a pot of coffee and begin another of that most storied of college traditions: the all-nighter.
    Many college students have found themselves in this position. Although studying late into the early hours is a pretty well-accepted part of college life, the scientific consensus is clear—insufficient sleep is bad for a student’s performance, happiness and health.
    Sleep is one of the body’s most vital processes, affecting everything from muscle strength to memory span. Sleep increases blood flow to muscles and repairs damaged cells. A recent study indicates that college basketball players perform better on the court if they sleep at least ten hours the night before. Sleep consolidates memories and prepares the brain to perform—students who get more sleep can improve recall ability and actually do better on tests.
    How much sleep a person needs varies, but Dr. William DeMent from Stanford University says college students need over eight hours per night. With assignments piling up, many students end up constantly sleep deprived. Students accumulate a "sleep debt" that can get larger over time and can only be "paid off" by getting the amount of sleep the body needs. Naturally, a person’s body would force them to get enough sleep by making them feel sleepy. But caffeine, stimulants, pressing deadlines encourage students to ignore the body’s natural signals and go without sleep far longer than they should.
    It’s easy to get caught up in the excitement and stress of college life and to get in the habit of getting to bed later and later. But pushing bodies and schedules to their limits does not come without cost. In the short-term, sleep deprivation affects mood, mental ability and physical performance. It decreases reaction time and makes a person more easily distracted. That’s bad for test taking, and even worse for students who are driving. In the long-term, not getting enough sleep can sacrifice your health and shorten your life span by causing irritability, frustration and proneness to mistakes, associated with high blood pressure, obesity and heart failure. There are more than enough reasons to hit the sack early tonight!
The expression "all-nighter" in the first paragraph refers to those students who______.

选项 A、sleep soundly the whole night
B、stay up all night studying
C、spend the night drinking coffee
D、don’t come back for the night

答案B

解析 文章开头就说,大学生作业多、活动频、任务紧。没什么好的对策,只好靠咖啡提神,熬夜学习。根据上文,all-nighter的含义是:为了完成作业一夜不睡的人。
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