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  3. Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

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问题     Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called it. But to scientists, it’s also a more dull thing as well: a skill, a tool, a simple choice that is a lot less accidental or lucky. As psychologist Shane Lopez, a senior scientist at the Gallup organization argues in his new book, Making Hope Happen, it’s also much more attainable than it seems.
    In both children and adults, there can be a hard-to-deny link between a robust sense of hope and either work productivity or academic achievement. In studies of this idea, hope is measured by a widely accepted psychological survey and productivity is measured by grades earned, sales made, equipment manufactured etc. When Lopez and his colleagues recently gathered up a large body of this research and subjected it all to a meta-analysis, they came up with what they believe are very solid numbers. "Our finding was that hope accounts for about 14％ of work productivity and 12％ of academic achievement," he said.
    Hoping, Lopez stresses, is a lot different from wishing, though the two are often mixed. The super-bestseller The Secret is based on the vaguely defined and not-exactly peer-reviewed "law of attraction," which in this case means that just having positive thoughts about wealth, love, success and more can draw all of those things to you. "This wonderful future will happen for you if you just sit back and wish hard enough," Lopez says.
    But wishing, he explains is only an element of hope—it is, in a sense, hope without a plan. And that often leads nowhere. Effective hoping, Lopez says, is a very deliberate, three-step process. First there is selecting a goal, whether short-term or long term. Then you have to consider the gap between where you are now and where you will be when you achieve the goal, and lay out a series of sequential, short-term goals that will allow you to close that gap. Finally, there is the execution, establishing a plan for when you will begin to implement those steps and where and how you will execute them.
    It’s far too much to say that effective hoping is the only—or even the biggest—part of what it takes to succeed. If 14％ of business productivity can be attributed to hope, that means 86％ is dependent on raw talent, unpredictable business cycles, the quality of the product you’re selling, and often pure luck. But even if hope is just one ingredient in all of that, it’s a stimulating, energizing one—the gas in the tank, the fuel rod in the reactor, the Mentos in the Pepsi. Hope may be the thing with feathers—but it’s also the thing with power.
Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?
选项 A、Hope: The Thing with Feathers
B、How Hope Works
C、Wishing: A Part of Hope
D、What Is Effective Hoping
答案B
解析 纵观全文，通篇都是围绕希望来描述的。从第一段对希望的一般性介绍，到第二段指出希望对促进学业和工作的作用，再到第三、第四段对希望与愿望加以区别以及有效的希望需要的三个步骤，最后对希望在获得成功方面给以总结性评价，由此可以清楚得知B项为正确选项。“希望是长满羽毛的鸟儿”是作者在开篇引用Emily Dickinson的一句话，只是为了引出主题，不是作者通篇强调的内容，故排除A项。C项对应第四段第一句中的an element of hope，但本文主题是希望，而非愿望，论述愿望也是为了将其与希望作区分，更清楚地说明希望的内涵，故排除C项。有效的希望只是在最后两段才提及，而且通篇并非在讨论有效希望的定义，所以D项为错误选项。
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