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  3. What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and

What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and

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问题     What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
    Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
    Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
    Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. "
    A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
    In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
    Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process.... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. "
    This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "
    When all these shaping forces—schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking—interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.
Questions:
The best title for this passage might be______.
选项 A、Outpouring of Inventions
B、Ways of Thinking
C、Inventive Mind
D、Effective Schooling
答案C
解析 第5题问本文的最佳标题是什么。本文第一段就提出了文章的主题：美国重大发明大量涌现的原因是什么。随后内容都是解释其原因的，最主要的原因是美国人的创造性思维方式，所以，正确答案应选C：创造性思维。选项D：有效的学校教育，这只是文章中提到的培养创造性思维的一个方面，作为标题不全面。选项B：思维方式，作为本文的标题太过笼统。选项A：发明的大量涌现，与本文的主旨不符，因为文章并未具体谈论哪些发明的大量涌现。所以，A、B和D均为错误答案。
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