诸位毕业同学: 你们现在要离开母校了,我没有什么礼物送你们,只好送你们一句话罢。 这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭,不得已而做的,从今以后,你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候,努力做一

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问题    诸位毕业同学:
   你们现在要离开母校了,我没有什么礼物送你们,只好送你们一句话罢。
   这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭,不得已而做的,从今以后,你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候,努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰时,要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计,学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问,三年五年之后,你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救,恐怕已太晚了。

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答案Dear Students of the Graduating Class: As you are leaving your alma meter, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice. My advice is, "Never give up the pursuit of learning." You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return; and it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will de you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.

解析 这段文章选自胡适在某大学毕业典礼上对毕业同学的致词,文字还带着早期白话的特点,用词简练,有些现在看来显得有些怪异,因此翻译时尤其要小心遵循“译意”的原则。原文第一句话看似简单,做起来却发现有许多地方不好处理,比如,“诸位毕业同学”,英文中一般是什么规范?尤其注意不要把“诸位”死抓着不放;“一句话”,真的就译成“a sentence”吗?不觉得费解吗?而下面一句话开头又是“这一句话是”,难道也照样译成“this sentence is”?恐怕要三思而后行。后一句话体现了汉语语法的灵活性和随意性,翻译时要补足一些东西才能转换到英文里去,否则很容易出现“中式英语”,这句话翻译时应该把后半句的“做”字补充到前半句中来,还要加上一个主语,否则便不好理解,比如下面这个译文;“most of the previous courses were for this piece of diploma and you have to do them”,可以说基本无法理解,再看参考译文就可以发现什么是“译意”,什么是比较清楚明白的行文了。“你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了”,这句话需要仔细分析其主次关系,是把“依(照)”还是“研究”当作主要动词?这也要从原文的意思出发,而不能拘泥于字句。再比如,“精力衰时”、“吃饭”等词组,也都不可直接译成:“when you energy becomes weak”,“eating”等。
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