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Horrible toilets. Stagnant puddles buzzing with dengue-spreading mosquitoes. Collapsing masonry. Lax security. A terrorist attac

admin2019-08-01  28
问题     Horrible toilets. Stagnant puddles buzzing with dengue-spreading mosquitoes. Collapsing masonry. Lax security. A terrorist attack. India’s preparations for the 72-nation Commonwealth games, which are scheduled to open in Delhi on October 3rd, have not won favorable reviews. The contrast with China’s practically flawless hosting of the Olympic games in 2008 could hardly be starker. Many people will draw the wrong lesson from this.
    Despite the headlines, India is doing rather well. Its economy is expected to expand by 8.5% this year. It has a long way to go before it is as rich as China—the Chinese economy is four times bigger— but its growth rate could overtake China’s by 2013, if not before. Some economists think India will grow faster than any other large country over the next 25 years. Rapid growth in a country of 1.2 billion people is exciting, to put it mildly.
    There are two reasons why India will soon start to outpace China. One is demography. China’s workforce will shortly start ageing; in a few years’ time, it will start shrinking. India is now blessed with a young and growing workforce. Its dependency ratio—the proportion of children and old people to working age adults—is one of the best in the world and will remain so for a generation. India’s economy will benefit from this "demographic dividend", which has powered many of Asia’s economic miracles.
    The second reason for optimism is India’s much-desired democracy. The notion that democracy retards development in poor countries has gained currency in recent years. Certainly, it has its disadvantages. Elected governments bow to the demands of selfish factions and interest groups. Even the most urgent decisions are endlessly debated and delayed.
    China does not have this problem. When its technocrats decide to dam a river, build a road or move a village, the dam goes up, the road goes down and the village disappears. The displace villagers may be compensated, but they are not allowed to stand in the way of progress. China’s leaders make rational decisions that balance the needs of all citizens over the long term. This has led to rapid, sustained growth that has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.
    India’s state may be weal, but its private companies are strong. Indian capitalism is driven by millions of entrepreneurs all furiously doing their own thing. Since the early 1990s, when India opened up to foreign trade, Indian business has boomed. The country now boasts legions of thriving small business and a fair number of world-class ones whose English-speaking bosses network confidently with the global elite. They are less dependent on state patronage than Chinese firms, and often more innovative. Ideas flow easily around India, since it lacks China’s culture of secrecy and censorship. That, plus China’s rampant privacy, is why knowledge-based industries such as software love India but shun the Middle Kingdom.
    Given the choice between doing business in China or India, most foreign investors would probably pick China. The market is bigger, the government easier to deal with. But as the global economy become more knowledge-intensive, India’s advantage will grow. That is something to ponder while stuck in the Delhi traffic.
According to the author, what is not true in the democracy case?
选项 A、Democracy may delay some urgent decisions.
B、Democratic government may prefer a small group’s interests.
C、Democracy will retard a country’s development.
D、Under democracy, one country can still be blessed with a strong government.
答案C
解析 属事实细节题。选项C犯了偷换概念的逻辑错误，选项C是文中作者列举别人的观点，虽然现在有种流行的观点认为民主会阻碍贫困国家的发展，但是题干中偷偷换掉了“贫穷”二字，民主不会阻碍一切国家的发展，否则也不能成为政治制度的主流了。故选项C合题意。其他选项都能在文中找到依据。
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