梅花(plum blossom)位居中国十大名花之首,源于中国南方,已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。隆冬时节,五颜六色的梅花不畏严寒,迎着风雪傲然绽放。在中国传统文化中,梅花象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅,激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行。自古以来,许多诗人和画家从梅花中

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问题    梅花(plum blossom)位居中国十大名花之首,源于中国南方,已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。隆冬时节,五颜六色的梅花不畏严寒,迎着风雪傲然绽放。在中国传统文化中,梅花象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅,激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行。自古以来,许多诗人和画家从梅花中获取灵感,创作了无数不朽的作品。普通大众也都喜爱梅花,春节期间常用于家庭装饰。南京市已将梅花定为市花,每年举办梅花节,成千上万的人冒着严寒到梅花山踏雪赏梅。

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答案 The plum blossom, which ranks first among the top ten famous flowers in China, originated in the South of China and has been cultivated and planted for more than 3,000 years. In the middle of winter, colorful plum blossoms brave the cold weather and blossom proudly against the wind and snow. In traditional Chinese culture, the plum blossom symbolizes toughness, purity and elegance, inspiring people to brave hardships and forge ahead. Since ancient times, many poets and painters have drawn inspiration from the plum blossom and created countless immortal works. The common people also love plum blossoms, which are often used as home decorations during the Spring Festival. The city of Nanjing has designated the plum blossom as its city flower and holds a plum blossom festival every year, during which thousands of people brave the bitter cold to take a walk in the snow and enjoy the plum blossoms on the Meihua Mountain.

解析 1.第一句中有三个信息点——梅花的地位、起源地和历史。在翻译时,可以将其中两个信息点翻译为并列成分,将另一个翻译为定语从句。参考译文将梅花的地位翻译为定语从句,将其起源地和历史翻译为并列成分。“已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史”也可以翻译为with复合结构,即with a cultivating and planting history of more than 3,000 years。
2.第二句中的“隆冬时节”为时间状语,主语为“梅花”,三个并列成分“不畏严寒”“迎着风雪”和“傲然绽放”除了参考译文的译法还可翻译为三个并列结构,即brave the cold weather,fight against the wind and snow,and blossom proudly。
3.第三句介绍梅花的象征意义。“在中国传统文化中”为状语;“象征着”可像参考译文一样译为动词形式,也可译为名词形式,即the plum blossom is regarded as a symbol of…。“激励人们……”可译为与“梅花象征着……”并列的结构,也可译为伴随状语,解释梅花这些象征意义的作用。
4.第四句中的时间状语“自古以来”提示本句应使用现在完成时。主语为“许多诗人和画家”,谓宾为两个并列成分——获取灵感和创作……作品,因此宜翻译为并列的谓宾结构。
5.第五句介绍普通大众对梅花的喜爱。“春节期间常用于家庭装饰”可以理解为“普通大众在春节期间用梅花装饰家庭”,因此可译为与前半句并列的分句,即they use them for home decorations/to decorate their houses during the Spring Festival。此外,后半句也可以翻译为定语从句,修饰前半句中的梅花,参考译文正是采取了这种翻译方式。
6.第六句介绍南京人民喜爱梅花的举动。前两个分句是具体措施,第三个分句是这些措施带来的影响。因此,前两个分句可译为主句,最后一个分句翻译为结果状语或定语从句。“成千上万的人……踏雪赏梅”是在梅花节期间发生的事,故用during which引导该定语从句。
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