首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right co
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right co
admin
2021-02-21
62
问题
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
For centuries, philosophers and theologians have almost unanimously held that civilization as we know it depends on a widespread belief in free will—and that losing this belief could be calamitous. Our codes of ethics, for example, assume that we can freely choose between right and wrong. In the Christian tradition, this is known as "moral liberty"—the capacity to discern and pursue the good, instead of merely being compelled by appetites and desires. The great Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant reaffirmed this link between freedom and goodness. If we are not free to choose, he argued, then it would make no sense to say we ought to choose the path of righteousness.
The sciences have grown steadily bolder in their claim that all human behavior can be explained through the clockwork laws of cause and effect. This shift in perception is the continuation of an intellectual revolution that began about 150 years ago, when Charles Darwin first published On the Origin of Species. Shortly after Darwin put forth his theory of evolution, his cousin Sir Francis Galton began to draw out the implications: If we have evolved, then mental faculties like intelligence must be hereditary. But we use those faculties—which some people have to a greater degree than others—to make decisions. So our ability to choose our fate is not free, but depends on our biological inheritance.
Many scientists say that the American physiologist Benjamin Libet demonstrated in the 1980s that we have no free will. It was already known that electrical activity builds up in a person’s brain before she, for example, moves her hand; Libet showed that this buildup occurs before the person consciously makes a decision to move. The conscious experience of deciding to act, which we usually associate with free will, appears to be an add-on, a post hoc reconstruction of events that occurs after the brain has already set the act in motion.
In 2002, two psychologists had a simple but brilliant idea: Instead of speculating about what might happen if people lost belief in their capacity to choose, they could run an experiment to find out. Kathleen Vohs, then at the University of Utah, and Jonathan Schooler, of the University of Pittsburgh, asked one group of participants to read a passage arguing that free will was an illusion, and another group to read a passage that was neutral on the topic. Then they subjected the members of each group to a variety of temptations and observed their behavior. Would differences in abstract philosophical beliefs influence people’s decisions?
Yes, indeed. When asked to take a math test, with cheating made easy, the group primed to see free will as illusory proved more likely to take an illicit peek at the answers. When given an opportunity to steal—to take more money than they were due from an envelope of $ 1 coins—those whose belief in free will had been undermined pilfered more. On a range of measures, Vohs told me, she and Schooler found that "people who are induced to believe less in free will are more likely to behave immorally."
Another pioneer of research into the psychology of free will, Roy Baumeister of Florida State University, has extended these findings. For example, he and colleagues found that students with a weaker belief in free will were less likely to volunteer their time to help a classmate than were those whose belief in free will was stronger. Likewise, those primed to hold a deterministic view by reading statements like "Science has demonstrated that free will is an illusion" were less likely to give money to a homeless person or lend someone a cellphone.
选项
答案
G
解析
根据Kathleen Vohs定位到第四、五段。第四段描述了Kathleen Vohs的实验,第五段最后一句提到她的观点:people who are induced to believe less in free will are more likely to behave immorally(那些受到引诱不太相信自由意志的人更有可能做出不道德行为)。G项中unethical与immoral是同义词,故G项为正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/aypRFFFM
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Oneofthequestionsthatiscomingintofocusaswefacegrowingscarcityofresourcesofmanykindsintheworldishowtodiv
WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAmerica’seconomicsituation?Whatdoesthefigure0.2%inParagraph1indicate?
Mosthumanbeingsactuallydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing—executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreet
Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresou
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicesco
IsitanywonderthatAmericaisalsoacountryofdangerouslyoverweightpeople?AccordingtoarecentstudybytheNational
RobertaGordonneverthoughtshe’dstillbealiveatage76.Shedefinitelydidn’tthinkshe’dstillbeworking.ButeverySatur
"TheUSeconomyisrapidlydeteriorating,"saysMr.Grannis."Theoddsofarecessionarenowveryhigh,perhapsbytheendoft
随机试题
1861年,美国国会通过了《()法》。主要内容:联邦政府按各州在国会的议员人数。按照每位议员三万英亩的标准向各()拨赠土地,各州应将()收入用于开办或资助()和(
A.患肢动脉搏动减弱或消失B.思肢血管杂晋C.二者均有D.二者均无(2004年第125题)血栓闭塞性脉管炎可出现
胃术后近端空肠段逆流近端空肠内疝形成
A.六味地黄丸B.肾气丸C.丹栀逍遥散D.逍遥散E.两地汤疏肝解郁的代表方
pH计的定位和核对用的是
某房地产开发公司开发的某楼盘5号楼的业主入住后,发现家中散发怪味且无法散去,经检测确定是施工所用建筑材料污染超标所致。现5号楼所有业主将开发商告上法院,要求解决异味问题并赔偿医疗费、住房费等各项损失。在诉讼过程中,法院将施工方某住宅建筑工程公司追加到诉讼中
()具有测评标准刚性强,测评指标灵活等主要特点。
随着科学开始______人性本身,出现了各种新的理论,但是在______我们的过程中,是基因重要还是环境重要,这个古老的______仍然存在。依次填入划横线处的.词语,最恰当的一组是()
Yourcompanyintendstopurchasesomecarparts.Nowithasreceivedafaxoffer(传真报价).Writealettertothesalesdepartmento
Itwasnotaneasyjobforthepolicetofindoutthemurderer,becauseno______hadbeenfoundyet.
最新回复
(
0
)