Integrated Writing Directions For this task, you will first have three minutes to read a passage about an academic topic. Yo

Professor
    You’re a chairperson, a supervisor, a director, or a manager of an organization. So, you have to give a speech—but you’re terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later, you think, "I’m just no good at pubic speaking. I hope I never have to do that again. " However, you know, you’re in the position, you can’t escape.
    Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech-making. First of all, it is important to plan. Do your homework. Find out everything you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they know about your audience? Do they have a common interest? Why are they coming to hear you speak? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.
    Ask yourself the purpose of you speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Are you introducing another speaker? Moderating a discussion? Giving a lecture? Convincing someone? There’re many possible speaking roles, and each one has its own special characteristics.
    Let’s suppose that you have been asked to introduce the main speaker at a conference. First, find out the most important and interesting things about the speaker. Then, summarize this information in a few remarks. It’s all right to tell a joke or an anecdote if it is in good taste and will not embarrass the speaker. And, uh... most important, be brief! Remember, you are not the main speaker; you are introducing the main speaker.
    If you’re giving a lecture or explaining an idea, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
    When you’re making your speech, try to relax. That’s important. Speak slowly and clearly and look at people in your audience. Use simple vocabulary and expressions whenever possible. Pause for a few seconds now and then to give your audience a chance to think about what you have said. Make sure that everyone in the room can hear you. If it’s a large room or an auditorium, you will probably have to use a microphone.
    Just remember to be prepared. Know your subjects, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.
    If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! Not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.
Question:
    Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.