首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Recently anti patent arguments have been advanced with regards to HIV and AIDS drugs. Governments and companies in Brazil, India
Recently anti patent arguments have been advanced with regards to HIV and AIDS drugs. Governments and companies in Brazil, India
admin
2016-08-02
25
问题
Recently anti patent arguments have been advanced with regards to HIV and AIDS drugs. Governments and companies in Brazil, India, Thailand and Uganda have started to challenge patents monopolies on medicine, arguing that human lives are more important than patents, copyright, international trade laws, and the economic interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Anti-retroviral therapy has long been unaffordable for people suffering from HIV/AIDS in developing countries, and proponents of generic antiviral drugs argue that the human need justifies the breach of patent law. When the Thai Government Pharmaceutical Organization started producing generic antiviral drugs in March 2002 the cost of a monthly treatment for one person plummeted from $ 500- $ 750 to $ 30, hence making treatment more affordable. In response the US government placed Thailand on the list of "copyright violators" despite the fact that the production of antiviral drugs is not subject to copyright, even in the United States. In 2007 the government of Brazil declared Merck’s efavirenz anti-retroviral drug a "public interest" medicine, and challenged Merck to negotiate lower prices with the government or have Brazil strip the patent by issuing a compulsory license.
It is reported that Ghana, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia have similar plans to produce generic antiviral drugs. Western pharmaceutical companies initially responded with legal challenges, but some have now promised to introduce alternative pricing structures for developing countries and NGOs.
Campaigns for affordable access to medicines, such as Oxfam, argue that developing countries are dependent on foreign pharmaceutical companies. Quoting a recent World Health Organisation report, Trevor Jones argues that patent monopolies do not create monopoly pricing. He argues that the companies given monopolies "set prices largely on the willingness/ability to pay, also taking into account the country, disease and regulation" instead of receiving competition from legalized generics.
Under World Trade Organization(WTO)rules, a developing country has options for obtaining needed medications under compulsory licensing or importation of cheaper versions of the drugs, even before patent expiration. In July 2008 Nobel Prize-winning scientist Sir John Sulston criticised the "moral corruption" of the medical industry. Amongst others Sulston said that the world is at a crisis point in terms of getting medicines to sick people, particularly in the developing world, Sulston called for an international biomedical treaty to clear up issues over patents.
In response to these criticisms against pharmaceutical patents it has been pointed out that less than 5% of medicines on the WHO’s essential drugs list are subject to patent monopoly and that countries who believe that these monopolies are impeding health care may not be aware that the medicines in question, particularly for HIV/AIDS related drugs, are not patented in their country.
Thai’s production of antiviral drugs______.
选项
A、is justifiable and does not breach any copyright
B、violates copyright and international trade laws
C、challenges the international prestige of the US
D、impels the US to issue a compulsory license
答案
A
解析
根据第一段中的“…the human need justifies the breach of patent law”以及“…theproduction of antiviral drugs is not subject to copyright,even in the United States”可知,泰国自己生产治疗艾滋病的药物是合理的,不受专利权约束。所以,A应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/WTT7FFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
RuinsrecentlydiscoveredinsouthernPerucouldbetheancient"lostcity"ofPaititi,accordingtoclaimsthataredrawingser
RuinsrecentlydiscoveredinsouthernPerucouldbetheancient"lostcity"ofPaititi,accordingtoclaimsthataredrawingser
Icametofeminismthewaysomepeoplecometosocialmovementsintheirearlyyears:outofself-interest.Igotontheequalit
Whatisawomanworth?Thatisthequestionthathastobefacedbydivorcingcouplesandbytheirlawyers.Theanswersseemto
Organizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstoharnesspeople’sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood.Thet
Ifyou’relikemostpeople,you’rewaytoosmartforadvertising.Youfliprightpastnewspaperadsandneverclickonadsonlin
Lawyersarelessthan1%ofAmericanadults,【C1】______theyarewell-representedingovernment.Boththepresidentandthevice-p
Marriageis,formanypeople,theirmostimportantrelationship,thesourceofmuchhappiness,and,forsome,evenaddsextraye
Overfishingofoneoftheocean’stoppredatorshastriggeredalethalchainreactionthatthreatenstodecimatepopulationsof
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelyto
随机试题
在中国革命中,无产阶级最可靠的同盟军是( )
严重吸气性呼吸困难最主要的特点是
我国慢性活动性胃炎最主要的病因
1997年6月23日,甲故意伤害张某至重伤。一直未被发现;2010年5月7日他再次伤害王某,致王某轻伤。关于甲伤害张某行为的追诉截止时间。下列哪一选项是正确的?()
对某3跨混凝土简支空心板桥,每跨横向由10片空心板组成,对桥梁进行技术状况评定,请依据JTG/TH21—2011回答以下问题。以下属于主要部件的有()。
财政法规体系中对其他财政法规有立法意义的制约作用的是()。
利用政府预算来影响总需求的一种政策,其主要手段是调整税率和政府支出水平,这是政府促进就业的()。
老子说:“胜人者有利,自胜者强”,你怎么看?
养子女与生父母之间的权利义务关系因收养关系的成立而()。(2011年单选38)
Whataretheydoingnow?
最新回复
(
0
)