首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
admin
2015-05-24
47
问题
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage.A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.
Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments." The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don’t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruistic than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.
Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of Uttering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.
This does not mean it’s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.
According to experimental economists,
选项
A、more money is offered, fewer people donate blood.
B、economic incentives may run in the opposite direction.
C、a decreasing number of people donate blood for charity.
D、economic incentives clash with "the moral sentiments".
答案
B
解析
事实细节题。根据experimental economists定位到第三段。该段列举献血者的例子,说明当“道德情操”被破坏时用经济奖励去激励自愿行为会带来反效果,故不难推断B项为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/BEFRFFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
EveryonecomplainsthatcorporateAmericais【C1】______tohireadditionalworkers.Far【C2】______attentionhasbeenpaidtothefl
AccordingtoarecentGallupWorldPoll,1.1billionpeople,orone-quarteroftheearth’sadults,wanttomovetemporarilytoa
TheOnlineAutocarLeasingBusinessWheneBay,nowtheworld’sbiggestauctionwebsite,wentonlinein1995.manyexpectedi
AboutPainPain,unfortunately,isahorriblenecessityoflife.Itprotectspeoplebyalertingthemtothingsthatmightin
AboutPainPain,unfortunately,isahorriblenecessityoflife.Itprotectspeoplebyalertingthemtothingsthatmightin
Weareonthevergeofdestroyingourozonelayer.Weareclosetodestroyinghundredsofexquisiteanimalspecies.Moreover,we
Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroug
Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionof【C1】______ispartlyto【C2】_
Forallhisvauntedtalents,FederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspanhasneverhadmuchofareputationasaneconomicforecaste
"Ifyoucan’tsaysomethinggoodaboutsomeone,sitrightherebyme,"AliceRooseveltLongworth,aself-proclaimed"hedonist,"
随机试题
以下哪个脉象的主病为惊
有关药敏操作正确的是
玻璃幕墙结构胶和密封胶的打注应饱满、密实、连续、均匀、无气泡,()应符合设计要求和技术标准的规定。
函数的可去间断点的个数为:
我国境内居民个人可以用()从事B股交易。Ⅰ.外币现钞Ⅱ.外币现钞存款Ⅲ.从境外汇入的外汇资金Ⅳ.现汇存款
甲有一块价值10000元的玉石。甲与乙订立了买卖该玉石的合同,约定价金11000元。由于乙没有带钱,甲未将该玉石交付与乙,约定三日后乙到甲的住处付钱取玉石。随后甲又向乙提出,再借用玉石把玩几天,乙表示同意。隔天,知情的丙找到甲,提出愿以12000元购买该玉
Nowadays,manypeoplewalktoworkin______totheCopenhagenConferencecallingforlivingalow-carbonlifestyletocopewithg
下列财产应当按照法定继承处理的有()。
Drunkendriving—sometimescalledAmerica’ssociallyacceptedformofmurder—asbecomeanationalepidemic.Everyhourofeveryd
A、Gettingreadyfortheexams.B、Takingthefinalexams.C、Seeingsomebodyelse.D、Preparingforsomethingunknown.A
最新回复
(
0
)