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  3. The Only Way Is Up Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings

The Only Way Is Up Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings

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问题                                 The Only Way Is Up
    Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven.It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go a-bove a certain height.But these are cities concerned with the past.The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
    When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land.Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met.And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground.That means building upwards.
    The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs.People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
    Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift—or elevator, as he preferred to call it.However, most of the technology is very old.Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids.What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken.It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention.In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them before selling the idea to architects and builders.
    A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring.Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating.The reason is simple.Scientists have always studied animals in zoos.The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
    " It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us—and you just can’t choose to move away" ,says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon.Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them.Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss.Some stand close to the door.Others hide in the corners.Most people try and shrink into the background.But some behave in a way that makes others notice them.There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
    Don’t worry about them.They are probably from a university.
Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can  study  human  behavior because
选项 A、here humans behave the way animals do
B、people in a lift are all scared
C、here some people take notes
D、in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks
答案D
解析 电梯的空间狭小,相对拥挤,人们想要享有私人空间的要求在这里成了幻想,就如同关在动物园笼子里的动物一般,这为心理学家提供了一个研究在这种情况下人的行为难得的机会。
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