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  3. A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before he commits his vision to canvas. The broad outlines

A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before he commits his vision to canvas. The broad outlines

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问题     A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before he commits his vision to canvas. The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the design of research; it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fix the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated.
    One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency. Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content cannot be mechanically transferred to another. A new application of a research technique requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications that this study offers as its contribution.
    Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches. The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous researches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belonging study and personal motivation study.
    Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet no attempt was made in any of the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that one of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner.
Three design types of previous researches are______.
选项 A、interrelated to each other
B、supplementary to each other
C、to be modified considerably
D、to be integrated into one design
答案D
解析 文章的最后一段最后一句话指出，实验性研究给方法和发现带来的最主要的贡献之一就是将三种设计研究类型结合在一起，目的是为了将它们的发现彼此联系，并且根据产生的数据对研究者的有用程度大小来评估这些研究类型的相对重要性。由此可推知答案。
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