首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Urbanization and City Infrastructure Urbanization is defined as the increase in a city’s population over time and can occur
Urbanization and City Infrastructure Urbanization is defined as the increase in a city’s population over time and can occur
admin
2013-04-25
40
问题
Urbanization and City Infrastructure
Urbanization is defined as the increase in a city’s population over time and can occur due to a variety of factors including the natural expansion of a city’s population, the conversion of a rural area to an urban one, or the migration to urban areas by those who previously inhabited rural environments.
(A) Urbanization is an ever-increasing trend; one that can be observed in areas throughout the world as economies begin to rely more on manufacturing and business for revenue.
(B) Working and living in large cities is gradually replacing the traditional rural careers such as small-scale agriculture.
(C) It is estimated that within the next century, more than half of the world’s citizens will reside in cities.
(D)
While some cities are planned, most cities are organic, meaning that urbanization in these areas takes place with little or no advanced planning. While the increase in urban areas and its population has yielded positive effects such as an increased concentration of businesses and more career opportunities, researchers have also discovered a host of detrimental effects on the areas in transformation from rural areas to urban centers.
The concerns about urbanized areas worldwide differ somewhat in their relative importance, but many cite traffic congestion, inadequate public transportation, insufficient waste disposal facilities, inadequate solid waste collection, and a lack of water and sewage treatment facilities as primary concerns. One hundred years ago in Australia, the commute from Paramatta to the center of Sydney took approximately an hour by horse and cart. Today, the same trip in a car takes longer. Opponents of unplanned urbanization have also pointed out the destruction of agricultural land and animal habitat as a negative consequence of urbanization.
Many of these problems could be eliminated, or at least mitigated, through the construction and maintenance of appropriate city infrastructure. Although the term is somewhat ambiguous, it was traditionally understood to mean roads and sewers. However, the U.S. National Research Council opted to widen the definition of public works infrastructure to refer to roads, bridges, mass transit systems, and water and waste management systems.
Chief among the concerns of city dwellers is the issue of traffic jams and general congestion, and the corresponding difficulty in navigating the streets of any large urban area. Appropriate infrastructure, however, could serve as a useful tool in curtailing this problem. Two factors that exacerbate traffic congestion in a typical city are narrow streets and a lack of off-road parking, which would force many workers to park on the side of the road. Several solutions to the excessive traffic in urban areas have been proposed. Firstly, the construction of bypasses would eliminate the amount of traffic in the downtown areas, as travelers could use faster, more direct routes to arrive at their destination. Parking concerns could be addressed by constructing parking garages consisting of several stories. In this way, many cars could be stored in a relatively small amount of space.
Closely related to the previous problem is the issue of inadequate public transportation. People will choose to ride buses; however, the system must be efficient and reliable. The establishment of a variety of mass transit systems such as subways, buses, and ferries could provide a feasible alternative to those that use their own vehicles to travel to their jobs in the city.
Many cities have concerns about the problems involving waste collection and disposal. Along with education about waste diversion techniques such as composting and recycling, the development of city infrastructure can play a key role in ensuring adequate waste treatment. This would include the construction of easily accessible recycling facilities and appropriately placed composting facilities. In addition, urban areas should ensure there is a citywide transit system in place to collect solid waste.
Finally, citizens in many urban areas have concerns regarding sewage treatment plants and water treatment facilities. The development of such facilities in an acceptable area, typically in a location outside of the city, could effectively deal with these concerns. Not only would this infrastructure improve the health of the citizens, but it would also benefit the environment by reducing the amount of pollution in the form of sewage entering water sources.
Look at the four squaresin the passage that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. Until the Industrial Revolution, this was the main occupation for the majority of people throughout the world. Where would this sentence best fit?
选项
A、(A)
B、(B)
C、(C)
D、(D)
答案
C
解析
句子插入题 在待插入的句子里this指的是main occupation(主要职业),因此前面应该出现和职业有关的内容。在C处前面的句子里提到了传统的农村职业(traditional rural careers)中的小规模农耕(small-scale agriculture),因此应该将句子添加到C处。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/9MlYFFFM
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
SECTION4Questions31-40Questions31-33CompletethefollowingnotesondifferencesyoumightnoticewhenyougohomeusingNO
HowlikelyareThomasandNadiatovisitthefollowingattractions?Writethecorrectletter,A,BorCnexttoquestions6-1
Thereis______withlanguagealsowhenitcomestodescribingtheBritishIsles.
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.ResearchTopic-InstantMessagingaddictio
Questions31-33AnswerthefollowinginformationaboutBritishEducationScholarshipsusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORNUMB
CompletethefollowingnotesaboutthethreecateringcompaniesBobandCindydiscuss.ParisKitchen•lackofvarietyoffood•
SECTION3Questions21-30Questions21-25AnswerthefollowingquestionsusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORNUMBERSforeac
WhatisTim’sstudystrategyforreading?
Whichgroupgavethefollowingadvice?TickColumnAifitwasmainlywomen.TickColumnBifitwasmainlymen.TickColumnCi
Whichgroupgavethefollowingadvice?TickColumnAifitwasmainlywomen.TickColumnBifitwasmainlymen.TickColumnCi
随机试题
在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下,经行政机关负责人批准,可以先行登记保存,并在15日内及时作出处理决定。()
A.乌头煮制B.地黄蒸制C.白芥子炒制D.大黄酒炙E.柴胡醋炙经炮制能降低毒性的是
要一个人独自进食,即使不算重罚,在中国文化中通常也被视为不幸,一种不无悲凉的境地。汉语对吃独食的描述,大都乏善可陈,一句“胡乱吃了些”搪塞过去。中国人的社会中,人必须借饮食与他人沟通,与社会上的人形成生命共同体之感受。如今,大家庭在解体,晚婚单身
对设计投标人的资格审查包括( )。
阅读以下文字,完成下面问题大洋钻探:揭示地球环境的历史档案为了解自己生存环境的变化,人类对地球的视野不但要在空间上拓宽,也需要在时间上扩展。地球的环境演变,在不同场合留下了各种各样的“历史档案”,惟独在深海
把下面的六个图形分为两类,使每一类图形都有各自的共同特征或规律,分类正确的一项是:
Edie:IthinkProfessorHoltissmartandshe’sreallyagoodteacher.Rosa:OK.I’lltrytogetintoherclass.Edie:_____
AnyonecantrackaVenmouser’spurchasehistoryandcollectadetailedprofile—includingtheirdrugdeals,eatinghabitsand
Thereisnolink,whatsoever,betweentheproducersandusersofmanpowerwiththeresultthatinstitutionsoflearning,essent
Onedayawolfmeetsafox.Thefoxsays,"Letus(11)ofawaytocatchtherabbit."Afterawhile,thewolf(12),"Ihav
最新回复
(
0
)