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  3. Nowadays, the Americans frequently read newspaper articles about violent crimes, see rages of inhumanity on the evening news, an

Nowadays, the Americans frequently read newspaper articles about violent crimes, see rages of inhumanity on the evening news, an

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问题     Nowadays, the Americans frequently read newspaper articles about violent crimes, see rages of inhumanity on the evening news, and hear sound bites on the radio describing cruelty and intolerance. (46)We worry, particularly, about the effects on our children of our own society, a society that is less safe and less hospitable than the one we experienced as children growing up during the 1950’s and 1960’s.
    (47)In many school districts throughout America, there is already compelling evidence that adolescents have been affected negatively by changing social conditions, including by what many American believe to be a decline of basic human values. Parents and teachers must contend often with adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect. Some students display antagonistic attitudes and behave inappropriately. Some students are insensitive and unkind to their classmates, discourteous to adults, and quick to express their anger by raising their voices or using profanity.
    It is the responsibility of parents to teach their children to be polite, courteous, and forbearing. (48)It is one of parents’ most fundamental responsibilities to impart to their children the values of integrity, decency, and respect for others; teachers and school administrators should never become, however, ethical bystanders. If we wish to realize our educational philosophy not only to educate our students but also to encourage them to accept the innate worth of every human being, we must not surrender the ideal of maintaining a moral community at our school, where all people have an obligation to be polite and tolerant of individual differences.
    (49)Some individuals believe that school personnel should not interfere with the behavior of students unless it is directly related to learning or affects the safety of individuals who are inside the school building or somewhere on campus. But good teachers and administrators do teach values—not personal, private values but common values of courtesy, mutual respect, persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance.
    (50)Ideally, educators affirming socially-responsible values taught at home by parents and demanding appropriate vocabulary and good manners from their students should have been valued as competent and successful educators. They should remind the students of saying" please" and" thank you" and remind them of not interrupting when others are speaking. It is very much the responsibility of teachers and administrators to promote our school’s traditions of proper behavior and good sportsmanship. Therefore, school educators should be judged by the moral and ethical climate of their school. All the academic improvements of the school notwithstanding, no teachers should be considered successful educators unless their students graduated not only as successful learners but also as ladies and gentlemen.

选项
答案父母们最重要的责任之一是向子女传授正直、正派、尊重他人的价值观。但是，教师和学校管理者们也决不能沦为道德教育的旁观者。
解析 本题目有两处难点：一是句子包括一个形式主语，其后的不定式是真正的主语。因此在翻译时，要注意分析真正的主语是什么。二是名词短语ethical bystanders的理解与翻译。从字面意思看，该短语可以翻译为"道德的旁观者"。但是这样的名词短语不易理解，汉语中也没有这样的表达法。从语义分析，这里的ethical是指前一句子中的各种道德教育，因此，这个句子的翻译中，有必要明确这个所指，即道德教育。因此，可以翻译"道德教育的旁观者"更符合原英语句子的语义。考查点：形式主语的翻译；根据上下文补充具体的语义。
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