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  3. A new United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report, jointly produced with the International Resources Panel (国际资源小组), says

A new United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report, jointly produced with the International Resources Panel (国际资源小组), says

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问题     A new United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report, jointly produced with the International Resources Panel (国际资源小组), says that a type of unbridled international trade is having a damaging effect not only on rainforests but the entire planet. The report, which called for a raft of new Earth-friendly trade rules, found that the extraction of natural resources could spark water shortages, drive animals to extinction and accelerate climate change-all of which would be ruinous to the global economy.
    The economic fallout of COVID-19 is just an overture to what we would see if the Earth’s natural systems break down. We have to make sure that our global trade policies protect the environment not only for the sake of our planet but also for the long-term health of our economies.
    With the demand for natural resources set to double by 2060, the report called on policy makers to embrace what is known as a "circular" economic model. That would see businesses use fewer resources, recycle more and extend the life of their products. It would also put an onus on consumers to buy less, save energy and repair things that are broken instead of throwing them directly.
    While the circular model could have "economic implications" for countries that depend on natural resources, it would give rise to new industries devoted to recycling and repairing. Overall, the report predicts a greener economic model would boost growth by 8 per cent by 2060. There’s this idea out there that we have to log, mine, and drill our way to prosperity. But that’s not true. By embracing a circular economy and reusing material, we can still drive economic growth while protecting the planet for future generations.
    Some countries, both in the developed and developing world, have embraced the concept of a circular economy. But the report said international trade agreements can play an important role in making those systems more common. It called on the World Trade Organization, which has 164 member countries, to take the environment into consideration when setting regulations. It also recommends that regional trade pacts promote investment in planet-friendly industries, eliminate "harmful" subsidies, like those for fossil fuels, and avoid undercutting global environmental accords.
    Re-orienting the global environment isn’t an easy job. There are a lot of vested interests we have to contend with. But with the Earth’s population expected to reach almost 10 billion by 2050, we need to find ways to relieve the pressure on the planet.
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答案 联合国环境规划署与国际资源小组联合制作的一份新报告指出，无约束的国际贸易方式正在对热带雨林乃至整个地球产生破坏性的影响。这份报告呼吁有关方面制定一套地球友好型贸易新规，因为它发现自然资源的开采可能引发水资源短缺、动物灭绝和气候变化加快的问题——所有这些问题对全球经济而言都将是毁灭性的。新冠肺炎疫情造成的经济影响只是序曲，如果地球的自然系统崩溃，我们看到的景象将不止如此，我们必须确保全球贸易政策能够保护环境。这么做不仅是为了我们的地球，也是为了经济的长期健康运行。鉴于人类对自然资源的需求到2060年将翻一番，这份报告呼吁政策制定者采纳知名的“循环”经济模式。这种模式下，企业将减少资源的利用，促进资源的循环使用，延长产品的使用寿命。与此同时，“循环”经济模式将让消费者有义务去减少购买、节约能源、通过以修代弃处理已损坏的物品。 虽然循环经济模式会给依赖自然资源的国家带来“经济影响”，但是它将催生致力于回收和维修的新行业。这份报告从整体上预测，更加绿色的经济模式将促使经济到2060年的时候增长8％。现在有这样一种看法：我们要一路伐木、挖矿和钻井才能致富。这是不正确的。推行循环经济模式，重复使用物质材料，我们依旧可以推动经济增长，而且还能保护地球，造福下一代。有些发达国家和发展中国家已经开始接纳循环经济这一理念。不过，这份报告指出，国际贸易协议可以在推广循环经济体系方面发挥重要作用。报告呼吁拥有164个成员国的世界贸易组织在制定规则时，将环境保护纳入考虑。它还建议地区性贸易条约加大对地球友好型产业的投资。取消化石燃料补贴之类的“有害”补贴，避免删减有关全球环保的条约。对全球环境的重新定位并非易事。有很多既得利益集团需要我们去应对。但是，鉴于全球人口到2050年预计将逼近100亿人，我们必须找到办法，缓解地球的环境压力。
解析 1. United Nations Environment Programme为机构名称，固定译名为“联合国环境规划署”，平时需注意积累此类知识。
2.COVID-19全称为Coronavirus Disease 2019，即“新型冠状病毒肺炎”，可简称为“新冠肺炎”。
3.raft为多义词，有“筏，木排”“大量”等义项，这里作为量词修饰rules. 应选择第二个义项，同时搭配rules“规则”，可将a raft of译为“一套”。spark也是个多义词，做名词时表示“火花”，做动词表示“引发，触发”；这里明显是作动词用，因此根据后面的宾语，可直接译为“引发”。
4. embrace有“拥抱”“接受，采纳”等义项。本句中，embrace的宾语是某种经济模式，因此选用第二个义项，译为“采纳”。
5.life直译为“寿命，生命”，此处跟“产品”搭配，可增译为“使用寿命”。
6.jointly produced with the International Resources Panel指明报告的联合制作单位，可作为report的前置定语译出。另外，句首的new修饰的也是report，而不是UNEP，因此句的主语部分可译为“联合国环境规划署与国际资源小组联合制作的一份新报告”
7.an overture to直译为“……的序曲”，但因为to后面跟着两个从句，成分复杂，需要从to处断开，避免译文冗长难懂。an overture的译文也要相应调整为动词结构，即“……只是序曲”。另外，if引导的条件状语从句需要根据中文的习惯放置到overture的后面以及what的前面。an overture to what we would see可进行分拆，结合“序曲”这个词的含义，先用合适的范畴词“景象”对what进行具体化，再将we would see转换为一个前置定语，修饰what，最后在what we would see的后面增译“不止如此”，呼应前面的“序曲”。
8.That would see business…若直译为“那(循环经济模式)将看到企业……”，则不符合中文的表达习惯。本句主要表达循环经济模式下企业要做什么，因此可以灵活译为“这种模式下，企业将……”。economic implications可直译为“经济影响”，give rise to可以结合后而的宾语，意译为“催生”
9. log, mine, and drill在本文有关环境保护的语境中，均有特定的指代含义，因此要将动词作用的对象明确译出，即为“伐木、采矿和钻井”。to prosperity相当于towards prosperity+可以译为“致富”。
10. play an important role in若直译为“在……中扮演重要的角色”，则显得较为生硬，可意译为“在……方面发挥重要作用”。
11.Overall这一副词修饰的是整一句，可和predicts合译为“从整体上预测”。
12. we have to log, mine, and drill our way to prosperity若采用直译，则不符合中文的表达习惯，特别是our way to…这一部分。因此，可以将结构稍微调整，译为“我们要一路伐木、挖矿和钻井才能致富”
13.Re-orienting the global environment若直译为“重新调整全球环境的方向”，则表达较为生硬此处可根据中文表达习惯将Re-orienting后置，译为“对全球环境的重新定位”。
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