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  3. American higher education stands on the brink of chaos. Never have so many spent so long learning so little. The present crisis

American higher education stands on the brink of chaos. Never have so many spent so long learning so little. The present crisis

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问题     American higher education stands on the brink of chaos.
Never have so many spent so long learning so little. The present
crisis stems from the increasing widespread acceptance among                    【S1】______
faculty and administrators of the fatal educational principle
which a student should not be required to do any academic work                  【S2】______
that displeases him. If a student prefers not to study science or history
or literature, he has allowed to attain his degree without studying any         【S3】______
science, history, or literature.
    In America the attempt is being made to provide students
with what is advised as a liberal education without requiring by them           【S4】______
the necessary self-discipline and hard work. Students have been led to
believe they can achieve without effort, that all they need to do is skip
light-heartedly down the merry road to learning. Fortunately, that road         【S5】______
is no more than a detour (弯路) to the dead end of ignorance.
    we must realize that becoming an educated person is a
difficult, demanded enterprise. Just as anyone who regards intense              【S6】______
physical training as a source of delight would be thought a fool, for
we all know how much pain such training involves, but anyone who                【S7】______
speaks intense mental exertion as a source of joy ought to be thought           【S8】______
equally foolish, for such effort also involves pain. It is painful to have
one’s ignorance exposing and frustrating to be baffled by intellectual          【S9】______
subtleties. Of course, there can be joy in learning as there can be in sport.
But in both cases a joy is the result of overcoming challenges and can’t        【S10】______
be experienced without toil.
【S4】
选项
答案by→of
解析 require sth of sb为动词固定搭配。在“requiring of them the necessary self-discipline and hard work”结构中，宾语较长而后置。
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