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  3. Scientists and critical thinkers always use logical reasoning. 【F1】Logic allows us to reason correctly, but it is a complex topi

Scientists and critical thinkers always use logical reasoning. 【F1】Logic allows us to reason correctly, but it is a complex topi

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问题     Scientists and critical thinkers always use logical reasoning. 【F1】Logic allows us to reason correctly, but it is a complex topic and not easily learned; many books are devoted to explaining how to reason correctly, and we can not go into the details here. However, I must point out that most individuals do not reason logically, because they have never learned how to do so.【F2】Logic is not an ability that humans are born with or one that will gradually develop and improve on its own, but is a skill or discipline that must be learned within a formal educational environment. Emotional thinking, hopeful thinking, and wishful thinking are much more common than logical thinking, because they are far easier and more congenial to human nature. Most individuals would rather believe something is true because they feel it is true, hope it is true, or wish it were true, rather than deny their emotions and accept that their beliefs are false.
    【F3】Often the use of logical reasoning requires a struggle with the will, because logic sometimes forces one to deny one’s emotions and face reality, and this is often painful. But remember this: emotions are not evidence, feelings are not facts, and subjective beliefs are not substantive beliefs. Every successful scientist and critical thinker spent years learning how to think logically, almost always in a formal educational context. Some people can learn logical thinking by trial and error, but this method wastes time, is inefficient, is sometimes unsuccessful, and is often painful.
    【F4】The best way to learn to think logically is to study logic and reasoning in a philosophy class, take mathematics and science courses that force you to use logic, read great literature and study history, and write frequently. Reading, writing, and math are the traditional methods that young people learned to think logically(i. e. correctly), but today science is a fourth method. Perhaps the best way is to do a lot of writing that is then reviewed by someone who has critical thinking skills.【F5】Most people never learn to think logically; many illogical arguments and statements are accepted and unchallenged in modern society often leading to results that are counterproductive to the good of society or even tragic—because so many people don’t recognize them for what they are.
【F5】
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答案大多数人根本不学逻辑思考。在当代社会中，许多不合逻辑的论证和观点得到承认，没有受到质疑，原因在于那么多人根本不了解其实质，其结果往往危害社会利益．甚至带来灾难。
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