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  3. Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution

Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution

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问题     Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution, stating, "I was told that the most frequently given grade at Harvard right now is an A-." A recent【C1】________of 200 colleges and universities also found that more than 40 percent of all grades awarded were in the A range. Some argue that these inflated grades are【C2】________for the competitive job market, but at the national level it is a negative-sum game that【C3】________serious costs on society. Be-cause grades are【C4】________at A or A+, grade inflation results in a greater concentration of students at the【C5】________of the distribution. This【C6】________of grades diminishes their value as a(n)【C7】________of student abilities. There is also evidence that【C8】________grading reduces student effort. As giving low grades puts students at a disadvantage【C9】________to their peers, professors face strong【C10】________to award inflated grades.
    【C11】________universities need to take steps to bring it under【C12】________. Recently, some universities have experimented with【C13】________information about the grade distribution for each course either online or on student transcripts. So, if employers are aware that grades in a particular course were high, they might be less【C14】________with the students who earned those grades. Thus, students might seek out tougher courses,【C15】________professors to offer such courses in【C16】________The administration of Princeton issued a【C17】________that no more than 35 percent of grades awarded in undergraduate courses should be in the A range. These steps may not be【C18】________with students and professors, but it’s necessary to prevent higher education from【C19】________into Lake Wobegon— "where... all the children are above【C20】________."  
【C20】
选项 A、horizon
B、proficiency
C、average
D、guidance
答案C
解析 此处意为“在乌比冈湖那里所有的学生都位于__________之上”，联想到上文的“高校里普遍给A—”的现象，推测乌比冈湖是对该现象的比喻，学生普遍得A—，就是都高于平均水平了，故选C项，above average意为“平均以上”。
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